Standards - Digital Literacy & Computer Science

DLCS18.8.10

Analyze different modes of social engineering and their effectiveness.

COS Examples

Examples: Phishing, hoaxes, impersonation, baiting, spoofing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • social engineering is used to elicit access to information one would not normally allow.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify various modes of social engineering and indicate their effectiveness.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • social engineering is used to manipulate individuals into revealing personal information.
  • many modes of social engineering are used to manipulate individuals into revealing personal information.

Vocabulary

  • social engineering

DLCS18.8.11

Advocate for positive, safe, legal, and ethical habits when creating and sharing digital content.

COS Examples

Example: Students create a brochure that highlights the consequences of illegally downloading media.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that works may be protected by rights which prevent use or reuse of content.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify rules of use or reuse of digital content.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • creators of digital content may maintain rights to their creation(s) which may prohibit use of that content.

DLCS18.8.12

Cite evidence of the positive and negative effects of data permanence on personal and professional digital identity.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that people are often judged on behavior, both offline and online.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify postings that may be unbecoming to self or others.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • consequences exist for every choice one makes
  • good and bad.
  • some choices can have lasting impacts.

Vocabulary

  • data permanence
  • digital identity

DLCS18.8.13

Evaluate the impact of digital globalization on public perception and ways Internet censorship can affect free and equitable access to information.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • at one time, trades and goods were limited to mostly advanced economies; with changes in digital globalization, services and data are more readily available to all economies not affected by censorship.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify positive and negative implications of digital globalization and internet censorship.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • digital globalization has provided opportunities to countries less advanced than some larger countries.
  • internet censorship occurs locally and abroad.

Vocabulary

  • digital globalization
  • Internet censorship

DLCS18.8.14

Analyze current events related to computing and their effects on education, the workplace, individuals, communities, and global society.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technology will always have positive and negative effects on others; it is important to examine the benefits and costs associated with implementing new technology.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • analyze current events related to computing.
  • analyze the effects of current events related to computing on education, the workplace, individuals, communities, and global society.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • it is important to examine the benefits and costs associated with implementing new technology.

DLCS18.8.16

Present content designed for specific audiences through an appropriate medium.

COS Examples

Example: Create and share a help video for a senior’s center that provides tips for online safety.

DLCS18.8.17

Communicate and publish individually or collaboratively to persuade peers, experts, or community about issues and problems.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to research and form an educated position about an issue.
  • how to communicate and publish opinion in an effort to persuade others.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research and form an educated position about an issue.
  • communicate and publish an educated opinion in an effort to persuade others.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • a digital platform provides the ability to publish ideas and reach a greater audience than was once possible.

DLCS18.8.19

Critique the impacts of censorship as it impacts global society.

COS Examples

Example: Create a presentation outlining the social implications of limiting access to web content by favoring or blocking particular products or websites.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • censorship is the omission, prohibition, or suppression of information.
  • when information is censored, truth is skewed.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • cite the implications of censorship.
  • communicate their opinions of the implications of censorship.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • censorship is the omission, prohibition, or suppression of information.
  • when information is censored, truth is skewed.

Vocabulary

  • censorship

DLCS18.8.20

Examine an artifact that demonstrates bias through distorting, exaggerating, or misrepresenting data and redesign it using factual, relevant, unbiased content to more accurately reflect the truth.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that publications can display bias.
  • that information should always be checked with multiple sources.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research information to either support what is being shared or to refute what is being shared.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • bias exists in our society, therefore all information should be researched before assuming it is accurate.

Vocabulary

  • bias

DLCS18.8.21

Differentiate types of data storage and apply most efficient structure.

COS Examples

Examples: Stack, array, queue, table, database.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • different types of data storage and the appropriate use of those structures.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • apply the most efficient data storage given a set of data.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • applying appropriate tools, in this case a data structure, to appropriate task increases efficiency.

DLCS18.8.22

Encrypt and decrypt various data.

COS Examples

Example: Create and decipher a message sent in a secret code.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • cyphers can be used to encrypt and then decrypt a message.
  • that computers use complicated cyphers to keep data safe when being transmitted electronically.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • either physically or digitally encrypt and decrypt data.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • some data needs to be protected as it is transmitted digitally.

Vocabulary

  • encrypt
  • decrypt

DLCS18.8.23

Design a digital artifact to propose a solution for a content-related problem.

COS Examples

Example: Create a presentation outlining how to create a cost-efficient method to melt snow on roads during the winter.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that often there exists many solutions to a problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • design an artifact to propose a solution to a problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • the presentation of an artifact can be as important as the solution.

DLCS18.8.24

Compare and contrast common methods of cybersecurity.

COS Examples

Example: Discuss how password protections and encryption are similar and different.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that cybersecurity is used to protect data online; one method of securing data may be better than another for a given situation.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify similarities and differences in types of cybersecurity.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • many methods exist to protect data.

Vocabulary

  • cybersecurity

DLCS18.8.25

Create a model that represents a system.

COS Examples

Example: Food chain, supply and demand.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that systems or processes exist that may be too large to be easily observable and by creating a model of the system or process, one can then use the model in the problem-solving process.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • observe systems or processes in the real world that may require the creation of a model for the purposes of testing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • models serve as representations of systems or processes in the problem-solving process.

DLCS18.8.26

Create a simulation that tests a specific model.

COS Examples

Examples: Demonstrate that pressure changes with temperature in a controlled environment; demonstrate that rocket design affects the height of a rocket’s launch; demonstrate that the amount of water changes the height of a plant.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • what information is important to the simulation.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • create a simulation that tests a specific model.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • simulations are used to save time and money.
  • simulations serve to recreate processes you otherwise may not be able to.

DLCS18.8.27

Analyze assistive technologies and how they improve the quality of life for users.

COS Examples

Example: Research multiple speech to text technologies and write a persuasive essay in favor of one over another.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technologies exist to assist users with varying needs.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research assistive technologies.
  • determine the possible uses of assistive technologies that can improve quality of life for users.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technologies exist or can be created to help people accomplish tasks they may not otherwise be able.

Vocabulary

  • assistive technology

DLCS18.8.28

Develop a logical argument for and against artificial intelligence.

COS Examples

Examples: Students debate the use of artificial intelligence in self-driving vehicles. Students write a persuasive essay to argue for or against digital personal assistants.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technology has helped many people in many ways and it can also cause harm.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research artificial intelligence.
  • create an artifact (poster, speech, video, song, poem, pamphlet, presentation, etc.
  • ) that discloses a logical argument in support of or against the use of some form of artificial intelligence.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technology has limitations.
  • technology can be used in unintended ways that can cause harm or can help.

Vocabulary

  • artificial intelligence

DLCS18.8.29

Create an artifact to solve a problem using ideation and iteration in the problem-solving process.

COS Examples

Examples: Create a public service announcement or design a computer program, game, or application.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that problem solving is a process to find the best solution.
  • that through ideation and iteration, the final product or artifact may be a more polished or appropriate solution.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • gather initial data about a topic.
  • informally propose a solution.
  • gather feedback on informal proposal.
  • design a solution to a chosen problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • problem-solving is a process.
  • products or artifacts may undergo many revisions after data is reviewed and feedback is received.

Vocabulary

  • ideation
  • iteration
  • problem-solving process

DLCS18.HS.R1

Identify, demonstrate, and apply personal safe use of digital devices.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to safely use digital devices.
  • that failure to use digital devices safely can have an impact on access at school as well as the protection of personal data.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify personal safe use of digital devices.
  • demonstrate personal safe use of digital devices.
  • apply personal safe use of digital devices.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • it is important to protect personal data when sharing information on the internet.

DLCS18.HS.R2

Recognize and demonstrate age-appropriate responsible use of digital devices and resources as outlined in school/district rules.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that schools/districts have rules in place to protect students.
  • that laws exist requiring schools to put measures in place to protect students.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify appropriate responsible use of digital devices found in the school/district rules.
  • demonstrate appropriate responsible use of digital devices.
  • communicate reasons for appropriate responsible use of digital devices found in the school/district rules.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • there are appropriate and inappropriate ways to use digital devices.
  • inappropriate use of devices has consequences in school and in the real world.
  • laws exist that require schools to monitor and/or censor internet access.

DLCS18.HS.R3

Assess the validity and identify the purpose of digital content.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • not all information found online is valid.
  • some information is shared online to promote an agenda.
  • all information has a purpose.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • assess the validity of digital content.
  • identify the purpose of digital content.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • not all information available digitally is accurate, valid, and/or unbiased.
  • some users/groups misrepresent information in an effort to skew perceptions.

DLCS18.HS.R4

Identify and employ appropriate troubleshooting techniques used to solve computing or connectivity issues.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • devices can present unintended behaviors, preventing normal operations.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • complete basic troubleshooting techniques that include clear any cache or internet history, complete disk checks or disk defrag, complete a system restore or reset the device.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • computing devices can and will fail at times.
  • it is important to save your work and know how to troubleshoot basic issues.

Vocabulary

  • troubleshooting

DLCS18.HS.R5

Locate and curate information from digital sources to answer research questions.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to find valid sources to answer a given research topic.
  • how to cite sources.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • locate valid digital resources to answer given research questions.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • a great deal of information is available.
  • it is important to validate information and to cite the source of information.

Vocabulary

  • curate

DLCS18.HS.R6

Produce, review, and revise authentic artifacts that include multimedia using appropriate digital tools.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • feedback is important in a design process.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • create a multimedia artifact.
  • critique the work of others.
  • revise their work based on feedback received.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • much like the writing process, design of a multimedia artifact nets the best results when creators have the opportunity to be given feedback and revise as needed.

DLCS18.HS.1

Decompose problems into component parts, extract key information, and develop descriptive models to understand the levels of abstractions in complex systems.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • complex problems may be more easily processed when broken into simpler problems.
  • that it is important to highlight key details of a problem.
  • descriptive models can help outline the procedures to solve more complex problems.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • solve a complex problem by decomposing the problem into smaller, simpler problems.
  • extract key details needed in the problem
  • solving process.
  • develop descriptive models to convey the levels of abstraction in complex systems.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • complex problems may be easier to solve if they are broken into smaller problems first.
  • it is important to identify key details in the problem.

Vocabulary

  • decompose

DLCS18.HS.2

Explain how computing systems are often integrated with other systems and embedded in ways that may not be apparent to the user.

COS Examples

Examples: Millions of lines of code control the subsystems within an automobile (e.g., antilock braking systems, lane detection, and self-parking).

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that many electronic devices we encounter are comprised of multiple complex systems.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify examples of complex computing systems in everyday life.
  • explain how computing systems are often integrated with other systems and embedded in ways that may not be apparent to most users.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • complex computing systems exist that integrate computing systems with one another in ways that may not be apparent to the user.

DLCS18.HS.3

Differentiate between a generalized expression of an algorithm in pseudocode and its concrete implementation in a programming language.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that differences exist in pseudocode and a programming language.
  • that programming languages have certain requirements for language and syntax.
a.
  • that some programs cannot return a result in a reasonable time frame, therefore approximations must be allowed in those cases.
b.
  • how to identify sequential statements, conditional statements, and/or iterations in code.
  • the differences between sequential statements, conditional statements, and/or iterations.
  • trade-offs exist with using one control structure over another.
c.
  • some decisions in a program will require the use of iterative loops, selection constructs, or recursion.
d.
  • programs can be written to satisfy a number of needs such as performance, reusability, and ease of implementation.
  • that most times, algorithms will differ based on the need of the program; performance, reusability, or ease of implementation.
e.
  • that programs can be written with specific priorities in mind.
  • that there are multiple correct ways to write a program.
  • that solutions are often chosen to meet the priority need of the program.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • distinguish between a generalized expression of an algorithm in pseudocode and its concrete implementation in a programming language.
  • point out similarities in vocabulary and syntax between pseudocode and an algorithm.
  • point out differences in vocabulary and syntax between pseudocode and an algorithm.
a.
  • explain that some algorithms do not lead to exact solutions in a reasonable amount of time and thus approximations are acceptable.
b.
  • identify sequential statements, conditional statements, and/or iterations in code.
  • identify tradeoffs associated with using one control structure over another.
c.
  • distinguish when a problem solution requires decisions to be made among alternatives or when a solution needs to be iteratively processed to arrive at a result.
d.
  • evaluate and select algorithms based on performance, reusability, and ease of implementation.
e.
  • explain how more than one algorithm may solve the same problem and yet be characterized with different priorities.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • similarities and differences exist in pseudocode and programming code.
  • some programming languages more closely resemble pseudocode than do other programming languages.
a.
  • due to time or financial constraints, some programs may return an approximation of a solution.
b.
  • both benefits and drawbacks exist when selecting one control structure over another in a code.
c.
  • programs can use multiple methods to arrive at a solution.
d.
  • there are times when a program needs to be selected for a specific purpose, such as performance, reusability, and/or ease of implementation.
e.
  • multiple algorithms can solve the same problem.
  • algorithms can operate with a specific priority in mind, such as speed, simplicity, and/or safety.

Vocabulary

  • pseudocode
  • programming language
a.
  • approximated
b.
  • iteration
  • conditional statements
  • control structures
c.
  • iterative loop
  • selection constructs
  • recursion

Aligned Learning Resources

DLCS18.HS.3b

Compare and contrast the difference between specific control structures such as sequential statements, conditional, iteration, and explain the benefits and drawbacks of choices made.

COS Examples

Examples: Tradeoffs involving implementation, readability, and program performance.

DLCS18.HS.3c

Distinguish when a problem solution requires decisions to be made among alternatives, such as selection constructs, or when a solution needs to be iteratively processed to arrive at a result, such as iterative ‘loop’ constructs or recursion.

DLCS18.HS.3e

Explain how more than one algorithm may solve the same problem and yet be characterized with different priorities.

COS Examples

Examples: All self-driving cars have a common goal of taking a passenger to a designation but may have different priorities such as safety, speed, or conservation; web search engines have their own algorithms for search with their own priorities.

DLCS18.HS.4

Use and adapt classic algorithms to solve computational problems.

COS Examples

Examples: Sorting, searching, shortest path, and data compression.

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