Standards - Digital Literacy & Computer Science

DLCS18.K.13

Use a design process in a guided setting to create an artifact or solve a problem.

COS Examples

Example: Problem - understanding locations on the school campus. Solution - draw paper or digital maps of the school.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • solving a problem starts with finding and understanding the problem.
  • there can be more than one idea for a solution.
  • some ideas may or may not work.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • find and define problems in a given context or scenerio such as story, video, in the classroom or school when given support and guidance from an adult.
  • use multiple strategies to find solutions to a problem when given support and guidance from an adult, such as visualizing, changing perspectives, finding patterns, stating cause and effect.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • they can solve problems in their home, classroom, and school.
  • there is more than one way to think through a solution to a problem.

Vocabulary

  • define
  • strategy
  • visualize
  • perspective
  • pattern
  • cause
  • effect

DLCS18.1.19

Identify and revise problem-solving strategies to solve a simple problem.

COS Examples

Examples: Scientific method, visual images or mind pictures, look for patterns, systematic list.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to recognize a problem in their environment or in a story.
  • problems can be found anywhere.
  • they can use many strategies to find solutions, such as visualizing, changing perspective, finding patterns, and analyzing cause and effect.
  • there can be multiple solutions to one problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • find and define problems in a given context or scenerio such as story, video, in the classroom or school.
  • use multiple strategies to find solutions to a problem, for example: visualizing, changing perspectives, finding patterns, stating cause and effect.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • they can solve problems in their home, classroom, and school.
  • there is more than one way to think through a solution to a problem.

Vocabulary

  • problem
  • strategy
  • solution
  • visualize
  • perspective
  • patterns
  • cause and effect

DLCS18.2.18

Investigate the design process and use digital tools to illustrate potential solutions to a problem, given guidance and support.

COS Examples

Examples: Create a presentation, drawing or graphic, audio tool, or video.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • problems can be found everywhere, such as in their classroom, neighborhood, town, state, country, and world.
  • they can produce ideas and solutions to these problems.
  • there can be more than one solution to a problem.
  • how to test a solution.
  • how to display their ideas using a digital tool.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • find and define problems in everyday life in the classroom, neighborhood, or city.
  • state multiple solutions for a problem.
  • draw, write about, or build a prototype to the solution.
  • redesign a solution after testing and/or critique.
  • share solutions through a digital platform.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • they can solve problems in their home, classroom, neighborhood, and city.
  • they can share their solutions with others.
  • they can share their solutions digitally with words, drawings, audion, and/or videos.
  • solutions can be made better through testing and critique.

Vocabulary

  • design process
  • critique
  • redesign

DLCS18.3.20

Compare and contrast human and computer performance on similar tasks to understand which is better suited to the task.

COS Examples

Examples: Sorting alphabetically, finding a path across a cluttered room.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • the similarities and differences in human/computer performance of similiar tasks.
  • the benefits and disadvantages of human/computer performances of similar tasks.
  • the characteristics of human performance/computer performance of tasks.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • compare and contrast human and computer performance on similar tasks.
  • to understand whether human or computer is better suited to the task.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • at times, human or computer may be better suited for a similar task.
  • there are similarities and differences in human and computer performance on similar tasks.

Vocabulary

  • human and computer relationship
  • human and computer performance
  • compare and contrast

DLCS18.3.21

Explain advantages and limitations of technology.

COS Examples

Example: A spell-checker can check thousands of words faster than a human could look them up; however, a spell-checker might not know whether underserved is correct or if the author’s intent was to type undeserved.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • some advantages of technology.
  • some limitations of technology.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • explain advantages and limitations of technology.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technology use has advantages and limitations.

Vocabulary

  • advantage
  • limitation
  • technology

DLCS18.3.22

Discuss the design process and use digital tools to illustrate potential solutions.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • the design process steps are to define the problem, research the problem, brainstorm and analyze ideas, imagine solutions, build a prototype and test it, and make improvements.
  • how to use digital tools to illustrate potential solutions.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • discuss the design process and use digital tools to illustrate potential solutions.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • the design process steps are to define the problem, research the problem, brainstorm and analyze ideas, imagine solutions, build a prototype and test it, and make improvements.
  • how to use digital tools to illustrate potential solutions.
  • digital tools can be used to illustrate potential solutions for problems developed through design thinking.

Vocabulary

  • design process
  • digital tools
  • potential
  • solution

DLCS18.3.23

Implement the design process to solve a simple problem.

COS Examples

Examples: Uneven table leg, noise in the cafeteria, tallying the collection of food drive donations.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • the steps in the design process are to define the problem, research the problem, brainstorm and analyze ideas, imagine solutions, build a prototype and test it, and make improvements.
  • how to implement the design process to solve a simple problem.
  • how to identify a simple problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify the steps in the design process.
  • apply the design process to a simple problem.
  • implement the steps in the design process to solve a simple problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • the steps in the design process are to define the problem, research the problem, brainstorm and analyze ideas, imagine solutions, build a prototype and test it, and make improvements.

Vocabulary

  • implement
  • design process
  • problem

DLCS18.4.20

Explain how hardware and applications can enable everyone, including people with disabilities, to do things they could not do otherwise.

COS Examples

Examples: Global Positioning System [GPS] to navigate, text-to-speech feature to read aloud from a digital resource, translate a digital resource to a different language.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technology is used to help a variety of users with many tasks.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • explain how hardware and applications can enable everyone, including people with disabilities, to do things they could not do otherwise.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technology is used to help a variety of users with a variety of tasks.

Vocabulary

  • hardware
  • applications
  • Global Positioning System

DLCS18.4.21

Develop, test, and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a simple problem.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • strategies to brainstorm and develop prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a simple problem.
  • strategies to test prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a simple problem.
  • strategies to refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a simple problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • develop, test, and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a simple problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • some problems can be solved by developing prototypes.

Vocabulary

  • develop
  • test
  • refine
  • prototypes
  • cyclical design process

DLCS18.5.27

Define social engineering and discuss possible defenses.

COS Examples

Examples: Phishing, impersonating

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to identify social engineering.
  • possible defenses against social engineering.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • define social engineering and discuss possible defenses.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • social engineering is a strategy used to manipulate information, people, and social outcomes.
  • there are possible defenses against social engineering.

Vocabulary

  • social engineering

DLCS18.5.28

Develop, test, and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a complex problem.

COS Examples

Examples: Design backpack for a specific user’s needs; design a method to collect and transport water without the benefit of faucets; design boats that need to hold as much payload as possible before sinking; design models of chairs based on specific user needs.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to use the design process to solve a complex problem.
  • strategies for creating a prototype as part of a cyclical design to solve a problem.
  • strategies for testing and refining prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a complex problem.
  • characteristics of a cyclical design process.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • develop, test, and refine prototypes as part of a cyclical design process to solve a complex problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • developing, testing, and refining are necessary steps in creating an effective prototype.

Vocabulary

  • develop
  • test
  • refine
  • prototypes
  • cyclical design process

DLCS18.6.28

Define assistive technologies and state reasons they may be needed.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that people have differing abilities and that technologies exists to aid users in overcoming challenges.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • define 'assistive technology'.
  • explain reasons one may use an assistive technology.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • being different doesn't have to be a difficulty.

DLCS18.6.29

Define artificial intelligence and identify examples of artificial intelligence in the community.

COS Examples

Examples: Image recognition, voice assistants.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that artificial intelligence is the use of computer systems to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence and include services such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision
  • making, and translation between languages.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify examples of artificial intelligence.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • while artificial intelligence is designed to aide, it also has negative side effects.

Vocabulary

  • artificial intelligence

DLCS18.6.30

Discuss and apply the components of the problem-solving process.

COS Examples

Example: Students will devise a plan to alleviate traffic congestion around the school during drop-off and pick-up.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • when solving problems, one should identify the problem, identify possible solutions, evaluate to select a best solution, implement the solution, evaluate the solution and/or seek feedback.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify a problem.
  • identify possible solutions.
  • evaluate to select a best solution.
  • implement a solution.
  • evaluate a solution.
  • seek feedback.
  • revise an artifact based on feedback.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • problem-solving is a process that can take multiple iterations.

Vocabulary

  • problem-solving process

DLCS18.7.28

Classify types of assistive technologies.

COS Examples

Examples: Hardware, software, stylus, sticky keys.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • assistive technologies have been created to assist in many areas of need (auditory, visual, motor, etc.
  • ).

Skills

Students are able to:
  • distinguish the needs addressed by different assistive technologies.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • assistive technologies have been created to assist in many areas of need (auditory, visual, motor, etc.
  • ).

Vocabulary

  • assistive technology

DLCS18.7.29

Compare and contrast human intelligence and artificial intelligence.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • benefits and risks exist when human or artificial intelligence is used to complete a task.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify situations in which human or artificial intelligence is better suited to a task.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • benefits and risks exist when either human or artificial intelligence is used to complete a task.

DLCS18.7.30

Apply the problem-solving process to solve real-world problems.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • the steps to the problem-solving process.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • select and dissect a problem.
  • seek solutions.
  • select a best alternative.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • often there are multiple solutions to real
  • world problems.

Vocabulary

  • problem-solving process

DLCS18.8.27

Analyze assistive technologies and how they improve the quality of life for users.

COS Examples

Example: Research multiple speech to text technologies and write a persuasive essay in favor of one over another.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technologies exist to assist users with varying needs.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research assistive technologies.
  • determine the possible uses of assistive technologies that can improve quality of life for users.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technologies exist or can be created to help people accomplish tasks they may not otherwise be able.

Vocabulary

  • assistive technology

DLCS18.8.28

Develop a logical argument for and against artificial intelligence.

COS Examples

Examples: Students debate the use of artificial intelligence in self-driving vehicles. Students write a persuasive essay to argue for or against digital personal assistants.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • technology has helped many people in many ways and it can also cause harm.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • research artificial intelligence.
  • create an artifact (poster, speech, video, song, poem, pamphlet, presentation, etc.
  • ) that discloses a logical argument in support of or against the use of some form of artificial intelligence.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • technology has limitations.
  • technology can be used in unintended ways that can cause harm or can help.

Vocabulary

  • artificial intelligence

DLCS18.8.29

Create an artifact to solve a problem using ideation and iteration in the problem-solving process.

COS Examples

Examples: Create a public service announcement or design a computer program, game, or application.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that problem solving is a process to find the best solution.
  • that through ideation and iteration, the final product or artifact may be a more polished or appropriate solution.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • gather initial data about a topic.
  • informally propose a solution.
  • gather feedback on informal proposal.
  • design a solution to a chosen problem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • problem-solving is a process.
  • products or artifacts may undergo many revisions after data is reviewed and feedback is received.

Vocabulary

  • ideation
  • iteration
  • problem-solving process

DLCS18.HS.38

Systematically design and develop programs for broad audiences by incorporating feedback from users.

COS Examples

Examples: Games, utilities, mobile applications.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • it is vital to seek feedback from others on programs and products.
  • feedback can help make a program or product better.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • design and develop a program.
  • publish a program, seeking feedback.
  • make edits to a program based upon user feedback.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • when designing a program, it is important to receive input from your target audience to ensure your product meets their expectations or need.

DLCS18.HS.39

Identify a problem that cannot be solved by either humans or machines alone and discuss a solution for it by decomposing the task into sub-problems suited for a human or machine to accomplish.

COS Examples

Examples: Forecasting weather, piloting airplanes.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • how to identify a problem.
  • how to decompose a problem.
  • how to identify possible solutions to a problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • identify a problem that cannot be solved by humans or machines alone.
  • discuss possible solutions using decomposition.
  • identify subproblems for either a human or machine to solve.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • problems exist that cannot be solved by a human or machine alone.
  • identifying subproblems can make a complex problem easier to solve.
  • humans and machines can work together to solve complex problems.

DLCS18.HS.40

Use an iterative design process, including learning from mistakes, to gain a better understanding of a problem domain.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • that creating an artifact is an iterative process.
  • that feedback serves to make products better.
  • that mistakes are teaching tools that help determine how not to solve a problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • create and publish.
  • process constructive feedback.
  • persevere through mistakes.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • creating an artifact is an iterative process.
  • feedback serves to make products better.
  • mistakes are teaching tools that help determine how not to solve a problem.
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