Standards - English Language Arts

ELA21.1.37

With prompting and support, write simple poems about a chosen subject.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The components of a simple poem.

Skills

Students are able to:
With prompting and support,
  • Choose a subject for a poem.
  • Write a simple poem.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Poetry is a genre of writing that includes certain features and usually focuses on particular subjects.

Vocabulary

  • Simple poems
  • Subject
  • Prompting
  • Support

ELA21.1.38

Develop and edit first drafts using appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences and left-to-right and top-to-bottom progression.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • A first draft should be reviewed and edited for appropriate spacing and page progression.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Develop and edit first drafts.
  • Use appropriate spacing between letters, words, and sentences in a draft writing.
  • Write from left-to-right and top-to-bottom in a draft.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • There is a writing process involved in creating a writing project, and first drafts should be reviewed and edited to ensure they follow the basic concepts of printed text.
  • There are rules of writing that should be followed to create a text that can be shared with others.

Vocabulary

  • Develop
  • Edit
  • First drafts
  • Appropriate spacing
  • Left-to-right progression
  • Top-to-bottom progression

ELA21.1.39

Improve writing, as needed, by planning, revising, and editing with guidance from peer editors, responding to their questions and suggestions.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The writing process includes planning, revising, and editing, incorporating guidance and suggestions from others.
  • The process for peer editing and review.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Plan, revise, edit, and use suggestions from peers to improve writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To improve writing they need to follow all of the steps of the writing process.
  • Responding to peers' questions and suggestions during the peer editing process will help improve their writing.

Vocabulary

  • Improve
  • Writing
  • Planning
  • Revising
  • Editing
  • Peer editors
  • Questions
  • Suggestions

ELA21.1.40

40 Describe ideas, thoughts, and feelings, using adjectives, drawings, or other visual displays to clarify.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • How to describe ideas, thoughts, and feelings using adjectives or drawings.
  • Adjectives are words that describe attributes of nouns.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use adjectives to describe ideas, thoughts, and feelings.
  • Add illustrations or other visual displays to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Adjectives may be used to describe thoughts, ideas, or feelings.
  • Adding drawings or other visuals to descriptions help to express thoughts, clarify ideas, and share feelings.

Vocabulary

  • Describe
  • Ideas
  • Thoughts
  • Feelings
  • Adjectives
  • Drawings
  • Visual displays
  • Clarify

ELA21.1.41

Organize a list of words into alphabetical order according to the first and (when necessary) second letters of the words.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Alphabetical order to the first and second letter (when necessary).

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Organize a list of words in alphabetical order according to the first letter, looking to the second letter if necessary.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • The alphabet has an exact order which can be used to organize a list of words.
  • They must use the second letter of the word when the first letters are the same.

Vocabulary

  • Organize
  • List
  • Alphabetical order
  • First letter
  • Second letter

ELA21.1.42

Participate in shared research and writing projects to answer a question or describe a topic.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Research and writing projects can answer a question or describe a topic.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Participate in shared research and writing projects.
  • Answer questions about a topic in writing.
  • Describe a topic in writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Shared research and writing projects can help answer questions or describe a topic.

Vocabulary

  • Participate
  • Shared research projects
  • Shared writing projects
  • Question
  • Describe
  • Topic

ELA21.1.42a

Recall information from experiences to contribute to shared research and writing projects.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Information recalled from personal experiences can be used in research and writing projects.

Skills

  • Recall information from previous experiences.
  • Contribute this information to shared research and writing projects.

Understanding

  • Information gathered from personal experiences can be contributed to research and writing projects.

Vocabulary

  • Recall information
  • Experiences
  • Contribute
  • Shared research projects
  • Shared writing projects

ELA21.1.42b

Gather information from provided sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Information can be gathered from a variety of sources.

Skills

  • Use strategies to gather information from provided sources to write about a topic.

Understanding

  • Information gathered from other sources can be contributed to research and writing projects.

Vocabulary

  • Information
  • Sources

ELA21.1.43

Use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing with guidance and support from adults, working both individually and in collaboration with peers.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Digital tools can be used to produce and publish writing.
  • Writing can be created and published individually or collaboratively.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing.
  • Produce and publish writing individually.
  • Collaborate with peers to produce and publish writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Digital tools are available to produce and publish writing.
  • They can produce and publish writing alone or in collaboration with others.

Vocabulary

  • Digital tools
  • Produce writing
  • Publish writing
  • Individually
  • Collaboration with peers
  • Guidance
  • Support

ELA21.2.R1

Utilize active listening skills during discussion and conversation in pairs, small groups, or whole-class settings, following agreed-upon rules for participation.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Active listening skills.
  • Agreed-upon rules for participation for discussions and conversations in a variety of settings.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Demonstrate active listening skills during discussion and conversation in pairs, small groups, or whole-class settings.
  • Converse in pairs, small groups, and large groups.
  • Practice the agreed-upon rules for participation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Conversations and discussions follow agreed-upon rules to help us actively listen and gain understanding.

Vocabulary

  • Active Listening
  • Discussion
  • Conversation
  • Rules
  • Participation

ELA21.2.R2

Use knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phoneme (sound) to grapheme (letter or letters) correspondences to encode (spell) words accurately.
  • Grapheme (letter or letters) to phoneme (sound) correspondences to decode (read) words accurately.
  • Word-analysis skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately encode and decode words using knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Accurately encode and decode words using word analysis skills.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Mapping graphemes to phonemes is essential for learning to read or decode words efficiently.
  • Mapping phonemes to graphemes is essential for learning to spell or encode words efficiently.
  • Analyzing a word's structure helps to read and spell a word.

Vocabulary

  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Word-analysis skills

ELA21.2.R3

Expand background knowledge and build vocabulary through discussion, reading, and writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Relating experiences through discussions, writing, and reading will help build background knowledge and improve vocabulary.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Connect new concepts to prior experiences to increase background knowledge through discussions, reading, and writing.
  • Construct the meaning of words through discussions, reading, and writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Background knowledge can increase by relating experiences to new ideas, topics, and words while participating in discussions, reading, and writing.
  • Vocabulary will increase by constructing the meaning of words while participating in discussions, reading, and writing.

Vocabulary

  • Background knowledge
  • Vocabulary
  • Discussion

ELA21.2.R4

Use digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically for research and writing, both individually and collaboratively.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Digital and electronic tools must be used appropriately, safely, and ethically.
  • Digital and electronic tools can be used for research or for writing tasks.
  • Digital and electronic tools can be independently or with others.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Engage in safe and ethical behavior when using digital and electronic tools individually and collaboratively.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Safe behaviors, interactions that keep you out of harm's way, are necessary when using digital and electronic tools.
  • Ethical behavior, interactions that align to one's moral code, are necessary when using digital and electronic tools.

Vocabulary

  • Digital tools
  • Electronic tools
  • Appropriately
  • Safely
  • Ethically
  • Research
  • Individually
  • Collaboratively

ELA21.2.R5

Utilize the writing process to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish writings in various genres.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The writing process steps are to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish.
  • Various genres of writing.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Plan writings in various genres.
  • Draft writings in various genres.
  • Revise writings in various genres.
  • Edit writings in various genres.
  • Publish writings in various genres.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • The writing process is a set of steps that make writing easier.
  • There are different categories, or genres, of writing that can be used for different purposes.

Vocabulary

  • Writing process
  • Plan
  • Draft
  • Revise
  • Edit
  • Publish
  • Genres

ELA21.2.1

Participate in conversations and discussions with groups and peers utilizing agreed-upon rules.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Speaking and listening skills for discussions and conversations with groups and peers.
  • Agreed-upon rules for discussions.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Listen attentively.
  • Add to conversations.
  • Take turns speaking.
  • Respond to the comments of others.
  • Extend conversations.
  • Converse with peers and adults.
  • Converse in small and large groups.
  • Ask clarifying questions.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Good conversations occur when participants actively listen, build on others' ideas, and ask clarifying questions.

Vocabulary

  • Conversations
  • Discussions
  • Groups
  • Peers
  • Agreed-upon rules

ELA21.2.2

Present information orally using complete sentences, appropriate volume, and clear pronunciation.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Speaking skills for oral presentations.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Form complete sentences, use appropriate volume based on the situation or environment, and use clear pronunciation when sharing information orally.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To communicate clearly, a speaker should use complete sentences, a voice volume that can be heard by the audience, and clearly pronounced words.

Vocabulary

  • Present
  • Orally
  • Complete sentences
  • Appropriate volume
  • Clear pronunciation

ELA21.2.2a

Use oral language for different purposes: to inform, to entertain, to persuade, to clarify, and to respond.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Oral language skills for different purposes of communication.

Skills

  • Use listening and speaking skills to inform, entertain, persuade, clarify, and respond.

Understanding

  • They can use their oral language should vary depending on its purpose.

Vocabulary

  • Oral language
  • Purposes
  • Inform
  • Entertain
  • Persuade
  • Clarify
  • Respond

ELA21.2.2b

Use complex sentence structures when speaking.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The structure of a complex sentence.

Skills

  • Use complex sentences when sharing information orally.

Understanding

  • Using complex sentence structures when speaking helps to provide details and combine ideas in an interesting way.

Vocabulary

  • Complex sentence structures

ELA21.2.2c

Ask and answer questions to seek help, clarify meaning, or get information.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Questions to seek help.
  • Questions to clarify information.
  • Questions to get information.
  • Responses to questions with appropriate information.

Skills

  • Ask and answer questions to seek help, clarify meaning or get information.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can get help, learn new information, or express information they know or have learned by asking and answering questions, depending on the task at hand.

Vocabulary

  • Ask
  • Answer
  • Seek
  • Clarify

ELA21.2.3

Demonstrate oral literacy skills by participating in a variety of oral language activities.

COS Examples

Examples: creating oral stories, participating in oral dramatic activities, reciting poems and stories

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Oral literacy skills include speaking, listening, and comprehending.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Demonstrate oral literacy skills in a variety of oral language activities, such as creating oral stories, participating in oral dramatic activities, reciting poems and stories.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Practicing their oral literacy skills through a variety of activities will help improve their speaking, listening, and comprehension abilities.

Vocabulary

  • Oral literacy skills
  • Oral language activities

ELA21.2.4

Orally answer who, what, when, where, why, and how questions about a text or conversation, using complete sentences to provide key ideas and details.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Key ideas and details should be included when answering questions.
  • Complete sentences, which contain a subject and a predicate, should be used when answering questions.
  • Who, when, and where questions will have a concrete, objective answer.
  • What, why, and how questions may have a more abstract, subjective answer.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Orally answer questions about a text or conversation using complete sentences that provide information about key ideas and details.
  • Orally answer who, what, when, where, why, and how questions about a text or conversation with appropriate key ideas and details.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • When answering who, what, when, where, why, and how questions they should provide key ideas and details from a text or conversation to demonstrate their comprehension.
  • Speaking in complete sentences helps them clearly communicate their message and their understanding.

Vocabulary

  • Orally
  • Who, what, when where, why, and how questions
  • Complete sentences
  • Key ideas
  • Key details

ELA21.2.5

Create recordings of stories or poems.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • How to verbally create recordings of stories or poems.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Create recordings of stories and/or poems by reading aloud.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Reading stories or poems aloud help them practice their oral reading fluency skills.
  • Listening to their recordings will help them improve their oral reading fluency skills.

Vocabulary

  • Create
  • Recordings
  • Stories
  • Poems

ELA21.2.6

Use visual aids and technology in oral presentations to present key ideas and details about a text or conversation, and add drawings or other visual displays to stories or recounts of experiences when appropriate to clarify thoughts, feelings, and ideas.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Visual aids or technology can help others better understand the key ideas and details of an oral presentation.
  • Drawings and visual displays can help clarify thoughts, feelings, and ideas when presenting orally.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Orally describe key ideas and details about a text, conversation, or personal experience.
  • Use visual aids and technology in oral presentations to present key ideas and details about a text or conversation.
  • Add drawings or other visual displays to stories or recounts of experiences to clarify thoughts, feelings, and ideas.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Visual aids and technology can help others understand the key ideas and details of their oral presentations.
  • They can clarify their thoughts, feelings, and ideas by including drawings or other visual displays in their oral presentations.

Vocabulary

  • Visual aids
  • Technology
  • Key ideas
  • Key details
  • Visual displays
  • Recount of experiences
  • Clarify
  • Oral presentations

ELA21.2.7

Demonstrate standard English usage when speaking.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • That standard English means the formal use of the English language.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use the standard English language when speaking.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They should use the standard form of English when speaking.

Vocabulary

  • Standard English
  • Usage

ELA21.2.7a

Use collective nouns.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Collective nouns are words that identify a group of individuals (family, assembly, congregation, etc.).

Skills

  • Accurately use collective in spoken language.

Understanding

  • A collective noun is one word that stands for a group of people.
  • Collective nouns should be used correctly to clearly communicate with others.

Vocabulary

  • Collective nouns

ELA21.2.7b

Form and use frequently-occurring irregular plural nouns.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es.

Skills

  • Accurately form and use frequently-occurring irregular plural nouns in spoken language.

Understanding

  • An irregular plural noun is a noun that is made plural in a way other than adding -s or -es, such as children, teeth, and feet.
  • Irregular plural nouns should be used correctly to clearly communicate with others.

Vocabulary

  • Form
  • Frequently-occurring irregular plural nouns

ELA21.2.7c

Use reflexive pronouns.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that end in "self" or "selves."

Skills

  • Accurately use reflexive pronouns in spoken language.

Understanding

  • Reflexive pronouns are those pronouns that usually end in "self" or "selves," such as myself or themselves.
  • Reflexive pronouns should be used correctly to clearly communicate with others.

Vocabulary

  • Reflexive pronouns

ELA21.2.7d

Form and use past tense forms of frequently-occurring irregular verbs.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Irregular verbs are verbs that are not made past tense by adding -d or -ed.

Skills

  • Accurately form and use past tense forms of frequently-occurring irregular verbs in spoken language.

Understanding

  • An irregular verb is a verb that is made past tense in a way other than adding -d or -ed, such as kept or knew.
  • Past tense verbs should be used correctly to clearly communicate with others.

Vocabulary

  • Form
  • Past tense
  • Frequently-occurring irregular verbs

ELA21.2.7e

Use adjectives and adverbs.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • An adjective describes a noun, and an adverb describes an adjective, verb, or other adverb.

Skills

  • Correctly use adjectives and adverbs in spoken language.

Understanding

  • An adjective is a word that describes the attributes of a noun.
  • An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or even another adverb.
  • Using adjectives and adverbs can add specific details in speech.

Vocabulary

  • Adjectives
  • Adverbs

ELA21.2.7f

Produce and expand complete simple and compound sentences when speaking.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A complete simple sentence includes a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.
  • A complete compound sentence includes two subjects and two predicates and expresses two complete thoughts.
  • A complete compound sentence must include a coordinating conjunction to link the two complete thoughts.

Skills

  • Produce complete simple and compound sentences in spoken language.
  • Expand complete simple and compound sentences in spoken language.

Understanding

  • A speaker should use complete sentences to clearly express complete thoughts.
  • A simple sentence expresses one complete thought and has at least one subject and one predicate.
  • A compound sentence expresses two complete thoughts that are linked with one of the coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so).

Vocabulary

  • Produce
  • Expand
  • Complete sentences
  • Simple sentences
  • Compound sentences

ELA21.2.8

Apply knowledge of voiced and unvoiced sounds and manner of articulation to distinguish between commonly-confused vowel sounds and commonly-confused cognate consonant sounds.

COS Examples

Examples: /f/ and /v/, /p/ and /b/, /k/ and /g/, /t/ and /d/, /ch/ and /sh/, /ĕ/ and /ĭ/, /ĕ/, and /ă/

Note: This is extremely important as a foundational phonemic awareness skill for all learners.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Student know:
    • Distinguishing means identifying the difference between two or more things.
    • Voiced sounds are made with the voice box "turned on," or resonating, while unvoiced sounds are spoken with the voiced box "turned off," like a whisper.
    • All vowels are voiced, while some consonants are voiced and others are unvoiced.
    • Cognate consonants are phoneme or phoneme combinations that are produced almost the same although one is "voiced" and the other "unvoiced."

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Tell the difference between commonly-confused cognate consonant and vowel sounds by applying their knowledge of voiced sounds, unvoiced sounds, and manner of articulation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Vowels and cognate consonants have sounds that are commonly confused.
  • Applying their knowledge of voiced sounds, unvoiced sounds, and manner of articulation will help distinguish between commonly-confused vowel and cognate consonant sounds.

Vocabulary

  • Voiced sounds
  • Unvoiced sounds
  • Manner of articulation
  • Distinguish
  • Commonly-confused vowel sounds
  • Commonly-confused cognate consonant sounds

ELA21.2.9

Demonstrate advanced phonemic awareness skills in spoken words.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify individual phonemes in words and manipulate those sounds.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Words are made up of one or more phonemes.
  • They can demonstrate advanced phonemic awareness skills by manipulating those phonemes through additions, deletions, reversals, and substitutions of phonemes.
  • Advanced phonemic awareness skills will help them improve their reading, spelling, and writing.

Vocabulary

  • Demonstrate
  • Advanced phonemic awareness skills
  • Spoken words

ELA21.2.9a

Add, delete, and substitute phonemes at the beginning, end, or middle of a spoken word made up of up to six phonemes and produce the resulting word.

COS Examples

Examples: Addition - Say bell. Now say bell, but add /t/ to the end of_ bell. (belt);

Addition - Say block. Now say block, but add /t/ to the end of block. (blocked);

Deletion - Say fin. Now say fin, but don’t say /f/. (in);

Deletion - Say range. Now say range, but don’t say /j/. (rain);

Substitution - Say strap. Now say strap, but change /a/ to /i/. (strip);

Substitution - Say bleed. Now say bleed, but change the /ē/ to /ā/. (blade)

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The meaning of the words add, delete, and substitute.
  • Spoken words can be manipulated (changed) by adding, deleting, or substituting sounds to produce a new word.

Skills

  • Produce new words by adding phonemes at the beginning, end, or middle of a spoken word made up of up to six phonemes.
  • For example, Say bell. Now say bell but add /t/ to end of bell. (belt)
  • Produce new words by deleting phonemes at the beginning, end, or middle of a spoken word made up of up to six phonemes.
  • For example, Say fin. Now say fin, but don't say /f/. (in)
  • Produce new words by substituting phonemes at the beginning, end, or middle of a spoken word made up of up to six phonemes.
  • For example, Say strap. Now say strap, but change /a/ to /i/. (strip)

Understanding

  • They can create new spoken words by manipulating the sounds in the words they hear through addition, deletion, and substitution of phonemes.

Vocabulary

  • Add
  • Delete
  • Substitute
  • Phonemes
  • Produce

ELA21.2.9b

Delete the initial sound in an initial blend in a one-syllable base word.

COS Examples

Example: Say prank. Now say prank, but don’t say /p/. (rank)

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Initial means first or beginning sound.
  • A blend is made up of more than one sound.

Skills

  • Delete the initial (first) sound in a one-syllable base word with an initial blend.
  • For example, Say prank. Now say prank, but don't say /p/. (rank)

Understanding

  • Blends are made of more than one sound, and they can delete the first sound to create a new word.

Vocabulary

  • Delete
  • Initial sound
  • Initial blend
  • One-syllable base word

ELA21.2.9c

With prompting and support, delete the medial and final sounds in blends in one syllable base words.

COS Examples

Examples: Say snail. Now say snail, but don’t say /n/. (sail); Say wind. Now say wind, but don’t say /d/. (win)

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Medial means the middle sound and final means the last sound.
  • A blend is made up of two or more sounds (phonemes).

Skills

With prompting and support,
  • Delete the medial (middle) sound in in a one syllable base word with a blend.
  • For example, Say snail. Now say snail, but don't say /n/. (sail).
  • Delete the final (last) sound in in a one syllable base word with a blend.
  • For example, Say wind. Now say wind, but don't say /d/. (win).

Understanding

  • Blends are made of more than one sound, and they can delete the middle or last sound of a blend to create a new word.

Vocabulary

  • Prompting
  • Support
  • Delete
  • Medial sound
  • Final sound
  • Blends
  • One-syllable base word

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