Learning Activity

Word Study Lesson--Introduction of Words

Subject Area

English Language Arts

Grade(s)

1, 2, 3

Overview

This learning activity should be used at the beginning of a phonics/word study lesson. In this learning activity, students will use a Ten Frame to break a word into separate sounds and then write the sounds to correctly spell the word. This activity should be used with words less than 5 sounds and the words should all use the same skill. 

This activity was created as a result of the ALEX Resource Development Summit.

English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 1

ELA21.1.R2

Use knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.1.R2

Vocabulary

  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Word-analysis skills

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phoneme (sound) to grapheme (letter or letters) correspondences to encode (spell) words accurately.
  • Grapheme (letter or letters) to phoneme (sound) correspondences to decode (read) words accurately.
  • Word-analysis skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Encode and decode words accurately using knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Encode and decode words accurately using word analysis skills.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Mapping graphemes to phonemes is essential for learning to read or decode words efficiently.
  • Mapping phonemes to graphemes is essential for learning to spell or encode words efficiently.
  • Analyzing a word's structure helps to read and spell a word.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 1

ELA21.1.7

Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately both in isolation and within decodable, grade-appropriate texts.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.1.7

Vocabulary

  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Word-analysis skills
  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Isolation
  • Decodable, grade-appropriate texts

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Word-analysis skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
In isolation and within decodable, grade-appropriate texts,
  • Decode and encode words by applying phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Decode and encode words using word-analysis skills.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Graphemes (letter symbols) represent specific phonemes (sounds) they can use to decode (read) words.
  • Phonemes (speech sounds) can be represented by graphemes (letter symbols) to encode (spell) words.
  • Word-analysis skills are used to determine how to decode or encode based on position, adjacent letters, etc.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 1

ELA21.1.31

Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.1.31

Vocabulary

  • Knowledge
  • Grade-appropriate
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Spelling rules
  • Encode
  • Accurately

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Spelling rules (or generalizations).

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Encode (spell) words accurately by applying knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can use spelling generalizations/rules, syllable division principles, and their knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to spell and write words accurately.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.R2

Use knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.2.R2

Vocabulary

  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Word-analysis skills

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phoneme (sound) to grapheme (letter or letters) correspondences to encode (spell) words accurately.
  • Grapheme (letter or letters) to phoneme (sound) correspondences to decode (read) words accurately.
  • Word-analysis skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately encode and decode words using knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Accurately encode and decode words using word analysis skills.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Mapping graphemes to phonemes is essential for learning to read or decode words efficiently.
  • Mapping phonemes to graphemes is essential for learning to spell or encode words efficiently.
  • Analyzing a word's structure helps to read and spell a word.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.10

Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, and syllable division principles to decode and encode (spell) words accurately in isolation and in context.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.2.10

Vocabulary

  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division principles
  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Isolation
  • In context

Knowledge

Student know:
  • Spoken words can be represented in print by using letter symbols (graphemes) to represent sounds (phonemes).
  • Printed words can be read by saying the sound (phoneme) that is represented by the letter symbols (graphemes).
  • Multisyllabic words contain more than one syllable, and multisyllabic words can be constructed by combining individual syllables.
  • Syllable division is breaking words apart by the syllables.
  • Decode means to read, and encode means to spell.
  • Decoding and encoding in isolation means reading or spelling a single word, while in context refers to these skills within a larger text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read and spell words accurately in isolation and in context based on their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme relationships, multisyllabic word construction, and syllable division principles.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To read (decode), they must accurately say the sounds (phonemes) that are represented by the letter symbols (graphemes).
  • To spell (encode), they must accurately represent the letter symbols (graphemes) that correspond to the spoken sounds (phonemes).
  • They can use syllable division principles to accurately decode and encode words.
  • They can use their knowledge of the six syllable types to accurately decode and encode words.
  • They will sometimes use these skills in isolation, and other times in context when reading or writing a longer text.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38

Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.2.38

Vocabulary

  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division principles
  • Spelling rules
  • Generalizations
  • Encode
  • Accurately

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Multisyllabic words are words that are composed of two or more syllables.
  • Syllable division principles.
  • Spelling rules (or generalizations).
  • To encode accurately means to spell a word correctly.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately encode (spell) single syllable and multisyllabic words using their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling generalization.
  • Accurately divide words into syllables to spell multisyllabic words correctly.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To spell (encode), they must accurately represent the letter symbols (graphemes) that correspond to the spoken sounds (phonemes).
  • They can use syllable division principles to break a word apart to make it easier to spell.
  • They can use their knowledge of the six syllable types to accurately encode words.
  • There are spelling rules, or generalizations, in the English language that can help them spell words accurately.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 3

ELA21.3.R2

Use knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.3.R2

Vocabulary

  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Word-analysis skills

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Phoneme (sound) to grapheme (letter or letters) correspondences to encode (spell) words accurately.
  • Grapheme (letter or letters) to phoneme (sound) correspondences to decode (read) words accurately.
  • Word-analysis skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Encode and decode words accurately using knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Encode and decode words accurately using word-analysis skills.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Mapping graphemes to phonemes is essential for learning to read or decode words efficiently.
  • Mapping phonemes to graphemes is essential for learning to spell or encode words efficiently.
  • Analyzing a word's structure helps to read and spell a word.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 3

ELA21.3.8

Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, and syllable division principles to decode and encode (spell) words accurately in isolation and in context.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.3.8

Vocabulary

  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division principles
  • Decode
  • Encode
  • Isolation
  • In context

Knowledge

Student know:
  • Spoken words can be represented in print by using letter symbols (graphemes) to represent sounds (phonemes).
  • Printed words can be read by saying the sound (phoneme) that is represented by the letter symbols (graphemes).
  • Multisyllabic words contain more than one syllable, and multisyllabic words can be constructed by combining individual syllables.
  • Syllable division is breaking words apart by the syllables.
  • Decode means to read, and encode means to spell.
  • Decoding and encoding in isolation means reading or spelling a single word, while in context refers to these skills within a larger text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read and spell words accurately in isolation and in context based on their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme relationships, multisyllabic word construction, and syllable division principles.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To read (decode), they must accurately say the sounds (phonemes) that are represented by the letter symbols (graphemes).
  • To spell (encode), they must accurately represent the letter symbols (graphemes) that correspond to the spoken sounds (phonemes).
  • They can use syllable division principles to accurately decode and encode words.
  • They can use their knowledge of the six syllable types to accurately decode and encode words.
  • They will sometimes use these skills in isolation, and other times in context when reading or writing a longer text.
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 3

ELA21.3.32

Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division rules, and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

UP:ELA21.3.32

Vocabulary

  • Knowledge
  • Grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division rules
  • Spelling rules
  • Generalizations
  • Encode
  • Accurately

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Multisyllabic words are words that are composed of two or more syllables.
  • Syllable division principles.
  • Spelling rules (or generalizations).
  • To encode accurately means to spell a word correctly.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately encode (spell) single syllable and multisyllabic words using their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling generalization.
  • Accurately divide words into syllables to spell multisyllabic words correctly.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To spell (encode), they must accurately represent the letter symbols (graphemes) that correspond to the spoken sounds (phonemes).
  • They can use syllable division principles to break a word apart to make it easier to spell.
  • They can use their knowledge of the six syllable types to accurately encode words.
  • There are spelling rules, or generalizations, in the English language that can help them spell words accurately.

Phase

Before/Engage
Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

Students will use knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately.

Activity Details

This learning activity should be used at the beginning of a word study/phonics lesson to introduce a set of words with a related skill. The words must be less than 5 sounds to fit on the ten frame. 

The teacher will pass out a ten frame sheet and counters (or other small manipulatives) to each student.

Using a preselected word list from a specific skill, the teacher will call out a word. The students will repeat the word. The students will clap the word by syllable. The students will use the counters to separate the phonemes (sounds) on the top five squares of the ten frame. After the sounds have been separated, the students will write the graphemes for each sound to correctly spell the word. These graphemes should be written in the box directly under the phoneme. After the word is correctly written by all students, the students will read the word to the teacher. This process will be repeated for each word on the preselected word list. 

Assessment Strategies

Assessment Strategies

The students will correctly decode and encode each word. 

Variation Tips

This is a great small group lesson for struggling readers.

This lesson can be repeated multiple times a week to focus on a related skill.

Related Learning Activities

Learning Activity (Before)

Word Study Lesson--Introduction of Words

Learning Activity (During)

Word Study Lesson--Fluency Passage with Partners

Learning Activity (After)

Word Study Lesson--Writing

Background and Preparation

Background / Preparation

The teacher should copy the Ten Frame worksheet for each student. 

Counters or other small manipulatives should be gathered. 

The teacher will create a word list using words from a specific skill--CVCe words, consonant-le, vowel teams, etc. 

Materials and Resources

Materials and Resources

Ten Frame worksheet

Digital Tools / Resources

Class Playground Ten Frame Worksheet
https://classplayground.com/shared/pdf/Ten_Frame_Eight_Worksheet_US_Letter.pdf

Approved Date

Owner (Author)

scarver17
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