Standards - English Language Arts

ELA21.5.25

Determine credibility and appropriateness of a research source by distinguishing between fact and the author’s opinion in informational text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • A fact is a statement that can be proven with evidence, while an opinion is a personal belief that cannot be proven true in every case.
  • Informational text can present both facts and opinions.
  • Informational text that presents verified facts tends to be more credible and appropriate as a research source.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Distinguish between fact and the author's opinion in informational text.
  • Determine the credibility and appropriateness of a research source by identifying the facts and the author's opinions.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • A fact is a thing that is known or proved to be true, and an opinion is a personal view or judgment about something.
  • They can determine if a statement is a fact or an opinion using their current knowledge or by referencing other materials.
  • To be a credible, appropriate research source, an informational text must present mostly verified facts.

Vocabulary

  • Credibility
  • Research
  • Fact
  • Opinion
  • Informational text

ELA21.5.26

Analyze how two or more texts address similar topics in diverse media and formats, including graphics, live and/or recorded performances, and written works.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to analyze text and diverse media formats.
  • Similar topics can be presented in different formats.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Analyze and explain how two or more texts explain similar topics in diverse media and formats.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Similar concepts can be explained in different ways depending on the format of the text and the viewpoint of the author.

Vocabulary

  • Analyze
  • Topics
  • Diverse media and formats
  • Graphics
  • Live and/or recorded performances
  • Written works

ELA21.5.26a

Explain how visual and multimedia elements contribute to the overall meaning and tone of a text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A creator chooses to include visual or multimedia elements in text to convey a particular tone and meaning.
  • Tone is the attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience.

Skills

  • Identify visual and multimedia elements in text.
  • Describe the overall meaning and tone of text.
  • Explain how the visual and multimedia elements impact the overall meaning and tone of the text.

Understanding

  • Visual and multimedia elements are added to text to enhance or clarify the overall meaning and create a tone.

Vocabulary

  • Visual elements
  • Multimedia elements
  • Overall meaning
  • Tone

ELA21.5.26b

Compare and contrast the approaches to theme in several stories within a genre.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Compare means to tell how something is similar and contrast is to tell how something is different.
  • Theme is the main, recurring idea in a text.
  • Stories within a genre will have similar in forms, styles, or subject matter.

Skills

  • Identify and describe the theme of a story.
  • Identify similarities between themes of texts in the same genre.
  • Identify differences between themes of texts in the same genre.

Understanding

  • Identifying, describing, and analyzing themes of stories within the same genre improves their comprehension of the text and their knowledge of text genres.

Vocabulary

  • Compare
  • Contrast
  • Theme
  • Genre

ELA21.5.26c

Locate information quickly within a text and apply information from multiple sources to analysis of the topics.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Strategies to locate information quickly in a text, such as utilizing text features.
  • Techniques to synthesize information from multiple sources.

Skills

  • Quickly find information within a text.
  • Analyze text topics by applying information from multiple sources.

Understanding

  • Quickly finding information in a text is an important skill they will use in various situations.
  • To deeply analyze a topic, they must combine information from multiple sources.

Vocabulary

  • Locate
  • Analysis
  • Topic

ELA21.5.26d

Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Authors often include logical reasons and evidence to support their points.

Skills

  • Identify key points in a text.
  • Identify reasons and evidence that support the author's points.
  • Explain how the author uses reasons and evidence to support their key points.

Understanding

  • Authors use logical reasoning and factual evidence to support their points.

Vocabulary

  • Explain
  • Reasons
  • Evidence
  • Points

ELA21.5.26e

Compare the approaches of several authors of articles about the same or similar topics.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Compare is to tell how something is similar.
  • Authors that write about similar topics will often have similar approaches to explaining the content.

Skills

  • Identify similarities of writing approaches in articles with the same or similar topics.

Understanding

  • Authors who choose to write about the same topics will often have similar approaches.

Vocabulary

  • Compare
  • Approaches
  • Articles
  • Topics

ELA21.5.27

Review the key ideas expressed in a text and draw conclusions, using facts to support them.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • New knowledge can be gained from a text by drawing conclusions from the information presented in the text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Review key ideas presented in text.
  • Draw conclusions from key ideas presented in text.
  • Use facts from the text to support their conclusions.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can analyze key ideas, draw conclusions, and learn new information by reading text.

Vocabulary

  • Key ideas
  • Conclusions
  • Facts

ELA21.5.28

Use audio and/or visual sources of information to obtain the answer to a question.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Questions can be answered by utilizing information from audio or visual visual sources.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Answer a question by using relevant information from an audio and/or visual source.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Information can be obtained from a variety of sources.

Vocabulary

  • Audio sources
  • Visual sources

ELA21.5.29

Summarize in writing a variety of texts, stating their implied and/or explicit main ideas.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The main idea is the most important idea presented in the text.
  • Sometimes an author will clearly state the main idea, while other times an author will merely suggest the main idea.
  • A summary is a short statement explaining the main point or most important details of presented information.
  • Writing skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify the implied or explicit main idea of a text.
  • Write a summary stating the implied and/or explicit main idea(s) of a text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Most texts have a main idea, or most important message.
  • An author can choose to state the main idea in the text or provide clues through details in the text to imply the main idea.
  • They can demonstrate their comprehension of the text by writing a summary that explains the main idea(s).

Vocabulary

  • Summarize
  • Implied main idea
  • Explicit main idea

ELA21.5.29a

Use textual evidence to support summarization.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A summary is a short statement explaining the main point or most important details of presented information.
  • Summary statements can be supported by including evidence from the text.

Skills

  • Use textual evidence to support summary statements.

Understanding

  • They can demonstrate their comprehension of the text by writing a summary that includes textual evidence.

Vocabulary

  • Textual evidence
  • Summarization

ELA21.5.29b

Cite appropriately when summarizing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Citation conventions.
  • Text evidence must be cited appropriately in writing.

Skills

  • Appropriately cite text evidence in a written summary.

Understanding

  • When they use text evidence in their writing, they must give the original creator credit by including appropriate citations.

Vocabulary

  • Cite
  • Summarizing

ELA21.5.30

Quote literary and informational texts accurately to support conclusions and inferences drawn from them.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Explicit information in a text can be used to draw conclusions and support inferences.
  • Conventions for using direct quotations in writing.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Draw conclusions and make inferences from literary and informational texts.
  • Accurately quote literary and informational texts to support their conclusions and inferences.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Accurately quoting a text in their writing ensures they are giving the original creator credit for their work.
  • Conclusions and inferences can be supported with explicit information from the text.

Vocabulary

  • Quote
  • Literary texts
  • Informational texts
  • Conclusions
  • Inferences

ELA21.5.31

Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to enhance the development of main ideas or themes when appropriate.

COS Examples

Examples: graphics, sounds

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Multimedia components and visual displays can help others better understand the key ideas and themes of an oral presentation.
  • Methods to add multimedia components or visual displays to presentations.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Add multimedia components (e.g. audio) and visual displays (e.g. graphics) to presentations to enhance the development of main ideas or themes.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Multimedia components and visual displays can help others understand the key ideas and themes of their oral presentations.

Vocabulary

  • Visual displays
  • Presentations
  • Main ideas
  • Themes
  • Multimedia components

ELA21.5.32

Respond in writing to literature and informational text, including stories, dramas, poetry, and cross-curricular texts, independently and with grade-level proficiency.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Responding to text in a written format demonstrates comprehension of the text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Independently create grade-appropriate written responses after reading literature and informational text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To respond in writing to literature and informational texts, they must read critically, have a deep understanding of the text's content, and use appropriate writing skills.

Vocabulary

  • Literature
  • Informational text
  • Stories
  • Dramas
  • Poetry
  • Cross-curricular texts
  • Independently
  • Proficiency

ELA21.5.33

Write fluently and legibly in cursive, using correctly formed letters with appropriate spacing and placing text elements correctly on the page.

COS Examples

Examples: headings, titles, paragraph indentions

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Legible writing can be read by others.
  • Fluent writing is writing at a consistent pace.
  • Cursive writing strokes for all letters.
  • Cursive writing connects the letters within words.
  • Appropriate spacing should occur between words.
  • Text elements, like headings, titles, and paragraph indentations, must be located in a certain place on a page.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Write legibly in cursive at a steady pace.
  • Connect and correctly form cursive letters.
  • Include appropriate spacing between words.
  • Place text elements, like headings, titles, and paragraph indentations, in the correct location on a page.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Cursive writing is a special type of writing that connects letters within words.
  • Appropriate spacing is important so that readers can tell where one cursive word ends and the next begins.
  • There are standard conventions for text elements that should be followed in formal writing.

Vocabulary

  • Fluently
  • Legibly
  • Cursive
  • Correctly formed letters
  • Appropriate spacing
  • Text elements

ELA21.5.34

Write personal or fictional narratives incorporating literary elements (characters, plot, setting, conflict), dialogue, strong voice, and clear event sequences.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • A narrative is a piece of writing that tells a story.
  • A personal narrative tells about an event that was personally experienced by the author, while a fictional narrative tells a made-up story.
  • A narrative story describes a sequence of plot events in a logical order (beginning, middle, end).
  • Narrative writing includes text elements, like characters, setting, and conflict.
  • Dialogue is a conversation between two or more characters in a text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Write a personal narrative that recalls a personal experience or a fictional narrative with a made-up story.
  • Write a narrative with a logical sequence of plot events.
  • Incorporate literary elements into their narrative writing, like characters, setting, and conflict.
  • Include dialogue in narrative writing.
  • Use a strong voice in writing by developing a personal writing style.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Narrative writing includes predictable elements, like a logical sequence of events and characters, setting, and conflict.
  • Incorporating dialogue between the characters can add details to their narrative writing.
  • Narrative writing can be used to tell about something that happened to them personally or it can tell a story they made up.

Vocabulary

  • Personal narratives
  • Fictional narratives
  • Literary elements
  • Characters
  • Plot
  • Setting
  • Conflict
  • Dialogue
  • Voice
  • Event sequences

ELA21.5.35

Write informative or explanatory texts using multiple sources to examine a topic, conveying ideas and information clearly and incorporating a strong organizational structure, relevant details, and elaboration.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Informative or explanatory text is a piece of writing that provides factual information that was gathered from multiple research sources.
  • Informative or explanatory text begins by introducing the topic, provides facts and relevant details, and ends with a conclusion.
  • Elaboration means supplying additional information about details by using academic vocabulary or including text features.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Gather information from multiple sources.
  • Write an informative or explanatory text using information gathered from sources.
  • Write an informative or explanatory text with a clear, organized structure.
  • Elaborate on details included in the text using academic vocabulary or text features.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Informative or explanatory writing follows a predictable text structure that includes introducing the topic, providing facts or additional details about the topic, and ends with a conclusion.
  • They must gather their facts about the topic from multiple research sources.
  • Writers elaborate details included in the text by using formal academic vocabulary and text features.

Vocabulary

  • Informative text
  • Explanatory text
  • Sources
  • Topic
  • Organizational structure
  • Details
  • Elaboration

ELA21.5.36

Write an argument to persuade the reader to take an action or adopt a position, stating a claim, supporting the claim with relevant evidence from sources, using connectives to link ideas, and presenting a strong conclusion.

COS Examples

Examples: first, as a result, therefore, in addition

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The purpose of argumentative writing is to convince the reader to take action or adopt a particular position.
  • Argumentative writing includes introducing the topic by stating an argumentative claim, logical reasoning supported by evidence, and a concluding statement.
  • Evidence to support the argument must be collected from various sources.
  • Connective words, like first, as a result, therefore, in addition, are used to link ideas in argumentative writing.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Write an argument to convince a reader to take action or adopt a position.
  • Include a claim, logical reasoning supported by evidence, and a conclusion in argumentative writing.
  • Gather evidence from relevant sources to support a claim.
  • Use connective words to link their ideas within the writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To persuade a reader to take action or adopt an opinion, they must present logical reasoning supported by evidence from relevant sources.
  • Connective words can help connect their argument to the evidence supporting their argument.

Vocabulary

  • Argument
  • Persuade
  • Take an action
  • Adopt a position
  • Claim
  • Relevant evidence
  • Sources
  • Connectives
  • Conclusion

ELA21.5.37

Write about research findings independently over short and/or extended periods of time.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Researching a topic begins by finding information from multiple sources.
  • Independent writing skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Find information on a particular topic from a variety of research sources.
  • Independently write about research findings over short and extended periods of time.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can share information they have learned about a topic through writing.
  • Some writing projects will last a short time, while others may take longer to complete.

Vocabulary

  • Research findings
  • Independently
  • Short periods of time
  • Extended periods of time

ELA21.5.38

Gather information on a topic or question, and share the results through various modes of writing, including projects and presentations.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Effective research skills.
  • Transferable writing skills applicable to many modes of writing.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Research information from a variety of sources to explain a topic or answer a question.
  • Share information learned through research in various modes of writing, including projects and presentations.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can share their research findings through multiple modes of writing, including presentations and projects.

Vocabulary

  • Topic
  • Question
  • Results
  • Modes of writing
  • Projects
  • Presentations

ELA21.5.38a

Locate information in print and digital sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Information can be found in both digital and print sources.

Skills

  • Locate information in print and digital sources.

Understanding

  • An effective writer uses multiple sources of information, including print and digital sources.

Vocabulary

  • Print
  • Digital

ELA21.5.38b

Summarize, quote, and paraphrase information in notes and finished work, providing a list of sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Summarizing is putting the main idea(s) of the source into their own words.
  • Quoting is using direct evidence from the source material.
  • Paraphrasing is condensing the original source by broadly explaining the content.
  • Summarizing, quoting, and paraphrasing are important note taking skills, but they can also be used in formal writing pieces.
  • Credit must be attributed to the original creator of the work by including a list of sources.

Skills

  • Summarize, quote, and paraphrase information in written notes and finished work.
  • Include a list of sources with written summaries and paraphrases.

Understanding

  • Including a list of sources with their writing ensures they are giving the original creator credit for their work.

Vocabulary

  • Summarize
  • Quote
  • Paraphrase
  • Notes
  • Finished work
  • List of sources

ELA21.5.38c

Integrate information from several texts on the same topic into presentations of research.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Research presentations should include information that is incorporated from several sources.

Skills

  • Combine information from several texts on the same topic into one piece of work.

Understanding

  • Effective research presentations include multiple sources of information that are integrated in one coherent project.

Vocabulary

  • Integrate
  • Topic
  • Presentations of research

ELA21.5.39

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage in writing.

ELA21.5.39a

Evaluate the usage of pronouns for the proper case.

COS Examples

Examples: subjective, objective, possessive

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • There are three cases of pronouns: subjective, objective, and possessive.
  • The subjective case is used when the pronoun is used as a subject in a sentence.
  • The objective case is used when the pronoun is used as an object of a verb or preposition.
  • The possessive case is a pronoun that expresses ownership.

Skills

  • Identify pronouns in a sentence.
  • Evaluate sentences to determine if the correct case of the pronoun was used.

Understanding

  • To clearly convey meaning in writing, the correct case of pronouns must be used.

Vocabulary

  • Evaluate
  • Pronouns
  • Proper case
  • Subjective
  • Objective
  • Possessive

ELA21.5.39b

Identify inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • There are three person pronouns in English: first-person, second-person, and third-person.
  • First-person is used when an author is talking about themselves (I, me, we).
  • Second-person is used when an author is talking directly to the reader (you).
  • In the third person, there are distinct pronoun forms for male, female, and neutral gender (e.g., he, she, it).
  • In addition to person, pronouns also show the number of individuals involved; there are two numbers: singular and plural.

Skills

  • Identify inappropriate shifts in pronoun person in writing.
  • Identify inappropriate shifts in pronoun number in writing.

Understanding

  • A personal pronoun indicates the viewpoint of the writing and refers to the number of individuals.
  • To clearly communicate in writing, the correct pronoun number and person must be used.

Vocabulary

  • Identify
  • Inappropriate shifts
  • Pronoun number
  • Pronoun person

ELA21.5.39c

Use varied pronouns and their antecedents correctly in composing and revising writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The noun or noun substitute that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent.
  • To create engaging writing, authors should use a variety of pronouns and antecedents.

Skills

  • Use varied pronouns and their antecedents correctly in writing.
  • Revise writing to use a variety of pronouns and antecedents.

Understanding

  • To compose engaging writing pieces, they should use a variety of pronouns and antecedents.
  • Revising their writing can improve it and make it more interesting to read.

Vocabulary

  • Pronoun
  • Antecedents
  • Composing
  • Revising

ELA21.5.39d

Use subject-verb agreement correctly when composing and revising writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A subject and its verb must both be singular or both plural.

Skills

  • Write sentences with correct subject-verb agreement.
  • Revise writing to ensure all sentences have correct subject-verb agreement.

Understanding

  • To clearly communicate in writing, subjects and verbs must agree in number within each sentence.
  • Revising their writing can ensure it follows standard English grammar conventions.

Vocabulary

  • Subject-verb agreement
  • Composing
  • Writing

ELA21.5.39e

Use verb tenses to convey various times, sequences, states, and conditions.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The tense of a verb tells you when a person did something or when something existed or happened.
  • In English, there are three main tenses: the present, the past, and the future.
  • There are regular verbs that follow a predictable pattern when changing tenses, but there are also irregular verbs that can change their entire spelling when changing tenses.

Skills

  • Use verb tenses to describe various times, sequences, states, and conditions in writing.

Understanding

  • They can change the tense of verbs in writing to indicate various times, sequences, states, and conditions.

Vocabulary

  • Verb tenses
  • Times Sequences States Conditions

ELA21.5.39f

Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense, including subject-verb agreement.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The tense of a verb tells you when a person did something or when something existed or happened.
  • A subject and its verb must both be singular or both plural.

Skills

  • Identify inappropriate shifts in verb tense, including subject-verb agreement, in writing.
  • Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense, including subject-verb agreement, in writing.

Understanding

  • Standard English grammar conventions require specific and cohesive verb tense usage and subject-verb agreement in writing.

Vocabulary

  • Recognize
  • Correct
  • Inappropriate shifts
  • Verb tense
  • Subject-verb agreement

ELA21.5.39g

Use perfect verb tenses to compose and revise writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Perfect verb tense is used to show an action that is complete and finished.
  • This tense is expressed by adding one of the auxiliary verbs have, has, or had to the past participle form of the main verb.

Skills

  • Use perfect verb tenses correctly in writing.
  • Revise writing for correct usage of perfect verb tenses.

Understanding

  • The perfect verb tense should be used for actions that are completed and finished.
  • A perfect verb tense is created by using a helping verb and the past participle of the main verb.

Vocabulary

  • Perfect verb tenses
  • Compose
  • Revise

ELA21.5.39h

Use correlative conjunctions correctly when composing and revising writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses.
  • The correlative conjunctions are either, or; neither, nor; both, and; not only, but also; whether, or.

Skills

  • Use correlative conjunctions correctly in writing.
  • Revise writing for correct usage of correlative conjunctions.

Understanding

  • Correlative conjunctions can be used in writing to show a strong relationship between the ideas being joined.

Vocabulary

  • Correlative conjunctions
  • Composing
  • Revising

ELA21.5.40

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Standard English spelling conventions.
  • Punctuation marks and their appropriate usage.
  • Capitalization rules for standard English.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use correct capitalization in writing.
  • Use appropriate punctuation in writing.
  • Spell fifth-grade level words correctly.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • When writing, they must use punctuation correctly, capitalize appropriate words, and spell fifth-grade level words correctly.

Vocabulary

  • Demonstrate
  • Command
  • Conventions
  • Standard English capitalization
  • Standard English punctuation
  • Standard English spelling

ELA21.5.40a

Use commas to separate items in a series, separate introductory elements from the rest of a sentence, set off tag questions, and indicate direct address.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Commas are used to separate groups of words.
  • Commas are used to separate introductory elements, which consist of phrases and words that appear before the main clause of the sentence.
  • A tag question is a question that is added at the end of a sentence; it consists of two basic elements: a verb and a pronoun.
  • A direct address means to direct a statement to a particular person, and a comma is used to separate the person's name from the rest of the sentence.

Skills

  • Write sentences that correctly use commas to separate words in a series, such as cat, dog, turtle, etc.
  • Write sentences that correctly use a comma to separate introductory elements from the rest of a sentence, such as In the nighttime, people have a harder time driving.
  • Write sentences with tag questions with correct comma usage, such as She didn't forget to call you, did she?
  • Write sentences with direct addresses that correctly use a comma, such as Jackie, are you leaving so soon?

Understanding

  • Commas are a common punctuation mark that are used for a variety of purposes.

Vocabulary

  • Commas
  • Series
  • Tag questions
  • Introductory elements
  • Direct address

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