Standards - English Language Arts

ELA21.7.11

Compare and contrast the effectiveness of techniques used in a variety of digital sources to generate and answer literal, interpretive, and applied questions and create new understandings.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to compare and contrast the effectiveness of techniques used in a variety of digital resources.
  • Text sources can be used to create and answer questions, as well as develop new understandings.
  • Literal questions are those that can be answered using information directly from the text.
  • Interpretive questions are those that can be answered by inferring information from the text.
  • Applied questions are those that can be answered using information inferred from the text and a reader's background knowledge and experience.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Compare and contrast specific techniques identified across multiple digital sources.
  • Generate and answer literal, interpretive, and applied questions in response to reading a digital source.
  • Create new understandings in response to reading digital sources.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Different techniques are used across digital texts.
  • Comparing and contrasting the effectiveness of an author's use of particular techniques deepens their understanding of digital text structures.
  • There are three levels of questions that can be generated: literal, interpretive, and applied.
  • Generating and answering a variety of questions helps to develop new understandings.

Vocabulary

  • Compare and contrast
  • Literal questions
  • Interpretive questions
  • Applied questions

ELA21.7.12

Determine the intended purposes of techniques used for rhetorical effect in multiple digital sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Techniques used for rhetorical effect.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify the purpose and effect of rhetorical choices in a digital text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Rhetorical choices contribute to the overall meaning of a digital text.
  • Rhetorical choices have specific effects on the text's meaning.

Vocabulary

  • Rhetorical effects
  • Digital sources

ELA21.7.13

Interpret language through active listening to determine subject, occasion, audience, purpose, tone, and credibility of digital sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Active listening skills.
  • Digital sources have various subjects, appropriate occasions, intended audiences, purposes, and tones.
  • A credible source is free from bias and supported with relevant evidence.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Listen and interpret various attributes of a digital source, including its subject, occasion, audience, purpose, tone, and overall credibility.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Actively listening can help determine and assess important aspects of a digital source, including its credibility, intended audience, and overall subject, occasion, purpose, and tone.

Vocabulary

  • Active listening
  • Subject
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Tone
  • Credibility
  • Digital source

ELA21.7.14

Create and edit digital products that are appropriate in subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and tone.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Necessary skills to create and edit digital products.
  • The intended audience and occasion should be identified before selecting a subject and purpose of a digital product.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Create and revise a digital text to ensure a clear subject.
  • Create and revise a digital text for an intended audience and occasion.
  • Create and revise a digital text to achieve a particular tone and purpose.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Digital products can be used to communicate with a variety of audiences and occasions.
  • They should modify the subject and purpose of their digital products depending on the audience and occasion.
  • Revision is important in establishing a clear purpose and tone in writing a digital text.
  • Revision is important in appealing to a particular audience with a digital text.
  • Revision is important to articulate a clear subject and occasion for writing a digital text.

Vocabulary

  • Digital products
  • Subject
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Tone

ELA21.7.15

Utilize digital tools and/or products to enhance meaning.

COS Examples

Examples: hashtags, videos, slide presentations, audio clips, GIFS, memes; social media platforms

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Necessary skills to utilize digital tools.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use digital tools or products, such as hashtags, videos, slide presentations, audio clips, GIFS, memes, and social media platforms, to strategically enhance the meaning of digital texts.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Digital tools and products can be used to enhance the overall meaning of a text.

Vocabulary

  • Digital tools/products

ELA21.7.16

Convey ideas in an appropriate digital format with specific attention to subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and tone.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Methods to convey ideas in a digital format.
  • Strategies to determine the subject, occasion, audience, and purpose.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Convey a particular idea in a digital format.
  • Ensure that a clear subject and occasion are evident in digital writing.
  • Appeal to a particular digital audience.
  • Achieve an intended purpose and tone in a digital text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To effectively convey ideas in a digital format, they should ensure that the subject and occasion are clear; that a particular audience is targeted; that a clear purpose and tone are achieved.

Vocabulary

  • Digital format
  • Subject
  • Occasion
  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Tone

ELA21.7.17

Identify the conventions of standard English grammar and usage in writing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The conventions of standard English grammar and usage.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify conventions of standard English grammar and usage in texts.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Writing should demonstrate the appropriate use of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage.

Vocabulary

  • Conventions
  • Standard English grammar
  • Standard English usage

ELA21.7.17a

Identify subject-verb agreement with compound subjects joined by correlative and coordinating conjunctions and with collective nouns when verb form depends on the rest of the sentence.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The subject of a sentence is connected to a verb, and the subject and verb must match in number, case, and person.

Skills

  • Identify subject-verb agreement in a sentence with compound subjects joined by a correlative conjunction.
  • Identify subject-verb agreement in a sentence with compound subjects joined by a coordinating conjunction.
  • Identify subject-verb agreement in a sentence with collective nouns when verb form depends on the rest of the sentence.

Understanding

  • Particular rules exist for subject-verb choices to ensure accurate use of conventions of standard English.
  • Authors should ensure subject-verb agreement in all sentences, including those with compound subjects, conjunctions, and collective nouns.

Vocabulary

  • Subject-verb agreement
  • Compound subjects
  • Correlative Conjunctions
  • Coordinating conjunctions
  • Collective nouns
  • Verb forms

ELA21.7.17b

Identify the usage of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex statements and questions to signal differing relationships among ideas in a text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Methods to identify the usage of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex statements and questions in text.

Skills

  • Identify various types of statements and questions to assess the relationship of ideas in a text.

Understanding

  • Different types of statements and questions are used in writing to describe relationships among ideas.

Vocabulary

  • Simple statements and questions
  • Compound statements and questions
  • Complex statements and questions
  • Compound-complex statements and questions

ELA21.7.17c

Evaluate the functions of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Strategies to evaluate the functions of phrases and clauses.

Skills

  • Evaluate how phrases and clauses function in general.
  • Evaluate how phrases and clauses function in a particular sentence.

Understanding

  • Particular phrases and clauses are used in writing for emphasis, to convey specific ideas, and to enhance meaning.

Vocabulary

  • Phrases
  • Clauses

ELA21.7.18

Identify the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling in a variety of texts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling in texts.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • A variety of texts can provide examples of the appropriate use of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

Vocabulary

  • Conventions
  • Standard English capitalization
  • Standard English punctuation
  • Standard English spelling

ELA21.7.18a

Correct improper usage of commas, apostrophes, quotation marks, colons, and semicolons through peer editing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The proper usage of commas, apostrophes, quotation marks, colons, and semicolons.
  • Strategies to correct punctuation mistakes during the peer editing process.

Skills

  • Identify and correct punctuation errors through peer editing.

Understanding

  • Specific rules for proper usage exist with various forms of punctuation.
  • Peer editing can help revise and correct errors with punctuation in writing.

Vocabulary

  • Commas
  • Apostrophes
  • Quotation marks
  • Colons
  • Semicolons
  • Peer editing

ELA21.7.19

Evaluate a speaker’s organizational choices to determine point of view, purpose, and effectiveness.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Speakers organize their speech to indicate the point of view and purpose of the presentation.
  • Listeners can assess a speaker's organizational choices to determine the effectiveness of the presentation.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify and describe a speaker's organizational choices, such as point of view and purpose.
  • Evaluate a speaker's organizational choices to determine the effectiveness of the presentation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Speakers make organizational choices that affect the overall effectiveness of their presentations.
  • Active listening is critical to evaluating the organizational choices of a speaker's presentation.

Vocabulary

  • Evaluate
  • Organizational choices
  • Point of view
  • Purpose
  • Effectiveness

ELA21.7.20

Identify a speaker’s formality of language in order to comprehend, interpret, and respond appropriately.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to interpret the formality of a speaker's language.
  • Methods to comprehend, interpret, and respond to oral language.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Listen to a speaker to determine the formality of language.
  • Listen to a speaker to comprehend for meaning.
  • Listen to a speaker to interpret meaning.
  • Listen to a speaker to respond to the message.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Listening is critical in determining the formality of a speaker's language.
  • They must actively listen to comprehend, interpret, and respond to a speaker's message.

Vocabulary

  • Formal language
  • Comprehend
  • Interpret
  • Respond

ELA21.7.21

Create written work using standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The conventions of written standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Demonstrate written command of standard English, grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To clearly communicate in writing, they must use standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Vocabulary

  • Standard English grammar
  • Standard English usage
  • Standard English mechanics

ELA21.7.21a

Revise their own writing using correct mechanics with a focus on commas, apostrophes, quotation marks, colons, and semicolons.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The proper usage of commas, apostrophes, quotation marks, colons, and semicolons.
  • Strategies to correct punctuation mistakes during the revision process.

Skills

  • Revise their own writing with particular emphasis on the proper use of various punctuation marks.

Understanding

  • Specific rules for proper usage exist with various forms of punctuation.
  • Revision is an important component of the writing process to ensure accurate use of punctuation.

Vocabulary

  • Revise
  • Mechanics
  • Commas
  • Apostrophes
  • Quotation marks
  • Colons
  • Semicolons

ELA21.7.21b

Construct simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to represent relationships among ideas.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Strategies to write simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences to express relationships between ideas in writing.

Skills

  • Construct various types of sentences to represent the relationships among ideas, including simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences.

Understanding

  • Using different sentence types in their writing can show relationships among ideas.
  • Different sentence types have different impacts on the overall meaning and organization of writing.

Vocabulary

  • Simple sentences
  • Compound sentences
  • Complex sentences
  • Compound-complex sentences

ELA21.7.21c

Embed phrases and clauses within a sentence, recognizing and correcting misplaced or dangling modifiers.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Strategies to embed phrases and clauses within a sentence.
  • The correct usage of modifiers.
  • Methods to correct misplaced or dangling modifiers.

Skills

  • Embed phrases and clauses in their own writing.
  • Revise writing to correct the misuse of modifiers.

Understanding

  • Phrases and clauses are impactful elements of writing.
  • Dangling and misplaced modifiers distract from meaning and clarity of their writing.

Vocabulary

  • Phrases
  • Clauses
  • Misplaced modifiers
  • Dangling modifiers

ELA21.7.22

Choose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Language that can expresses ideas precisely and concisely.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Select language to express ideas precisely and concisely when speaking.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Proper language choice is important when speaking to convey ideas clearly and effectively.

Vocabulary

  • Precise ideas
  • Clear ideas

ELA21.7.23

Implement ethical guidelines while finding and recording information from a variety of primary, secondary, and digital sources.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Ethical guidelines for using primary, secondary, and digital sources in research.
  • Strategies for finding and recording information from primary, secondary, and digital sources.
  • Primary sources are firsthand accounts of events and provide raw information.
  • Secondary sources explain, analyze, or summarize primary sources.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Implement ethical guidelines during the research process.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Ethical guidelines exist to protect original ideas and these guidelines should be followed when using information that was created by someone else.

Vocabulary

  • Ethical guidelines
  • Primary sources
  • Secondary sources
  • Digital sources

ELA21.7.24

Determine the relevance, reliability, and validity of information from nonfiction and fictional printed and/or digital texts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Relevant information is connected closely to the topic and purpose of the text.
  • Reliable information is information that appears consistently in a variety of texts.
  • Valid information is considered to be accurate information.
  • Research information can be sourced from nonfiction and fictional printed and/or digital text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read a variety of texts to determine their relevance to a particular occasion.
  • Read a variety of texts to determine the reliability of the presented information.
  • Read a variety of texts and determine the validity of the information.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • It is important to determine the relevance, reliability, and validity of a text before utilizing its ideas in discussion, writing, or research.

Vocabulary

  • Relevance
  • Reliability
  • Validity
  • Nonfiction text
  • Fiction text
  • Digital text
  • Printed text

ELA21.7.25

Use active listening to acquire information and assess its relevance and credibility.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Active listening skills.
  • Relevant information is connected closely to the topic and purpose of the presentation.
  • Credible information is accurate and reliable.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Listen actively to determine the relevance of a speaker's ideas.
  • Listen actively to determine if the speaker's ideas are credible.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Listening actively can help them determine if the speaker's ideas are relevant and credible to the given occasion.

Vocabulary

  • Active listening
  • Relevance
  • Credibility

ELA21.7.26

Produce research writings over extended periods with time for research, reflection, and revision and within shorter time frames, with minimal guidance.

COS Examples

Examples: a day or two, a single sitting

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Research strategies.
  • Independent writing skills for all steps of the writing process.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Produce writing that contains information obtained through research.
  • Reflect on and revise their research given the occasion and time constraints.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Research can happen in short and extended time frames.
  • It is important to reflect upon information obtained through research before incorporating it into one's own writing.
  • It is important to revise work that contains research to ensure proper use for the given occasion.

Vocabulary

  • Research writing
  • Research
  • Reflection
  • Revision

ELA21.7.27

Quote, paraphrase, summarize, and present findings, following an appropriate citation style and avoiding plagiarism.

COS Examples

Example: MLA, APA

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to quote, paraphrase, and summarize information from research sources.
  • Writing skills to present research findings and avoid plagiarism.
  • Citation styles, such as MLA and APA.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Quote, paraphrase, and summarize information from research sources.
  • Present research findings through writing while avoiding plagiarism.
  • Appropriately use citation styles.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Particular citation styles exist to support the integration of outside information into one's writing.
  • There are different ways to use outside information, from quoting directly, to summarizing and paraphrasing ideas.
  • Plagiarism is a serious offense and can be avoided by understanding appropriate citation styles.

Vocabulary

  • Quote
  • Paraphrase
  • Summarize
  • Citation styles
  • Plagiarism

ELA21.7.28

Incorporate research into oral presentations, summarizing and supporting opinions and ideas with relevant details.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to incorporate research into oral presentations.
  • Methods to summarize and support opinions and ideas with relevant details.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Incorporate research findings into oral presentations.
  • Summarize research findings and support opinions and ideas with relevant details from research.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Effective oral presentations include summaries of research findings, with opinions and ideas supported with relevant details.

Vocabulary

  • Research
  • Oral presentations
  • Summarizing
  • Supporting
  • Opinions
  • Relevant details

ELA21.7.28a

Collect information through the research process to answer follow-up questions and participate in discussions about their research findings.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Research strategies.
  • Collaborative discussions occur when participants actively listen, build on others' ideas, and ask clarifying questions.
  • Generally accepted rules for discussions.

Skills

  • Engage in research with the purpose of answering questions about the information.
  • Participate in discussions about research findings.

Understanding

  • Information obtained through research can be used to answer audience questions about the findings.

Vocabulary

  • Research process
  • Follow-up questions
  • Research findings

ELA21.7.29

Determine word meaning through the use of word parts, context clues, connotation and denotation, or print or digital reference tools.

COS Examples

Examples: affixes, Greek and Latin roots, stems; dictionary, thesaurus, glossary

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The meaning of words can be identified by examining the word's morphological structure or its connotation or denotation.
  • Word meaning can be determined by using context clues within the text.
  • Strategies for using print and digital reference tools.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use word parts, context clues, connotation, and denotation to determine word meanings.
  • Use print and digital reference tools to determine word meanings.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • If they encounter an unfamiliar or unknown word in text, they should use a strategy to discover the word meaning or consult a reference tool to find the word meaning.

Vocabulary

  • Word meaning
  • Word parts
  • Context clues
  • Connotation
  • Denotation
  • Print reference tools
  • Digital reference tools

ELA21.7.30

Read and evaluate texts from science, social studies, and other academic disciplines to determine how those disciplines treat domain-specific vocabulary and content organization.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to read and evaluate texts from various academic disciplines.
  • Content-specific text will often include a particular structure and domain-specific vocabulary.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read texts from subjects other than English language arts and assess the use of domain-specific vocabulary.
  • Read texts from subjects other than English language arts and evaluate how the academic discipline organizes content.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Different academic disciplines may utilize different vocabulary.
  • Different academic disciplines may arrange content in particular organizational styles.

Vocabulary

  • Academic disciplines
  • Domain-specific vocabulary
  • Content organization

ELA21.7.31

Infer word meaning through active listening in various contexts for purposeful, effective communication.

COS Examples

Examples: classroom discussion, oral presentations, digital formats

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to identify word meaning in spoken language.
  • Active listening skills.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Actively listen to infer word meaning.
  • Engage in purposeful, effective communication.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Listening is vital in understanding the full meaning of a speaker's message and when communicating effectively with others.

Vocabulary

  • Infer
  • Active listening
  • Various contexts
  • Purposeful communication
  • Effective communication

ELA21.7.32

Apply vocabulary in writing to convey and enhance meaning.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Word choice can convey a message and enhance the meaning of written communication.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Strategically use vocabulary to convey meaning and enhance meaning when writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Vocabulary plays an important role in conveying clear meaning and in enhancing the intended meaning in writing.

Vocabulary

  • Vocabulary

ELA21.7.33

Select and utilize effective words and phrases that are suitable for purpose and audience to communicate clearly in a variety of situations.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Strategies to adapt spoken language suitable for the purpose and audience of a particular situation.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use words and phrases intentionally given a particular audience, purpose, or situation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • The words and phrases they use in speech should change depending on the purpose, audience, and situation of their presentation.

Vocabulary

  • Effective words and phrases
  • Purpose
  • Audience
  • Situations

ELA21.8.R1

Utilize active listening skills during discussion and conversation in pairs, small groups, or whole-class settings, following agreed-upon rules for participation.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Active listening skills.
  • How to engage in discussions and conversations in a variety of settings.
  • Agreed-upon rules for participation.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Demonstrate active listening skills during discussion and conversation in pairs, small groups, or whole-class settings.
  • Converse in pairs, small groups, and large groups.
  • Practice the agreed-upon rules for participation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Conversations and discussions follow agreed-upon rules which help us actively listen and gain understanding.

Vocabulary

  • Active listening
  • Discussion
  • Conversation
  • Rules
  • Participation

ELA21.8.R2

Use context clues to determine meanings of unfamiliar spoken or written words.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Context clues in speech or text can provide the meaning of unfamiliar words.
  • There are different types of context clues, including inference/general clues, definition/explanation clues, restatement/synonym clues, and contrast/antonym clues.
  • Context clues in text are often indicated by punctuation marks.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words in speech.
  • Use context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words in text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • An author or a speaker use context clues to explain the meaning of unusual words or academic, domain-specific vocabulary.

Vocabulary

  • Context clues
  • Determine
  • Unfamiliar spoken words
  • Unfamiliar written words

ELA21.8.R3

Use digital and electronic tools appropriately, safely, and ethically when researching and writing, both individually and collaboratively.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Digital and electronic tools must be used appropriately, safely, and ethically.
  • Digital and electronic tools can be used for research or for writing tasks.
  • Digital and electronic tools can be independently or with others.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Engage in safe and ethical behavior when using digital and electronic tools individually and collaboratively.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Safe behaviors, interactions that keep you out of harm's way, are necessary when using digital and electronic tools.
  • Ethical behavior, interactions that align to one's moral code, are necessary when using digital and electronic tools.

Vocabulary

  • Digital tools
  • Electronic tools
  • Appropriately
  • Safely
  • Ethically
  • Research
  • Individually
  • Collaboratively

ELA21.8.R4

Utilize a writing process to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish writings in various genres.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The writing process steps are to plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish.
  • Various genres of writing.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Plan writings in various genres.
  • Draft writings in various genres.
  • Revise writings in various genres.
  • Edit writings in various genres.
  • Publish writings in various genres.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • The writing process is a set of steps that make writing easier.
  • There are different categories, or genres, of writing that can be used for different purposes.

Vocabulary

  • Writing process
  • Plan
  • Draft
  • Revise
  • Edit
  • Publish
  • Genres

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