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Use age-appropriate irregular plurals in conversation.

Listen to others and take turns speaking, carrying on a conversation through multiple exchanges.

Actively engage in teacher-led reading experiences and collaborative discussions with peers to build background knowledge needed to be successful as they learn to read and, later, read to learn.

Actively participate in teacher-led choral and shared reading experiences.

With guidance and support, ask and answer questions to seek help, get information, or clarify information presented orally, through text, or other media.

With guidance and support, present information orally, using complete sentences in correct word order.

Speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly.

Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details in a story with three to five events.

Uses spatial and temporal concepts correctly.

Restate and follow one- and two-step directions.

Concepts of Print

Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of printed materials.

Recognize and demonstrate that print conveys meaning.

With prompting and support, explain the roles of the author and illustrator of a text.

Track print, moving left to right and top to bottom on the printed page, returning to the beginning of the next line.

Identify the beginning and end of a sentence by locating the capital letter and end punctuation.

Point to words using one-to-one correspondence, noting that words are separated by spaces.

Distinguish letters from words within sentences.

Compare and contrast letters based upon similarities and differences, including name, shape, sound, and approach strokes for writing.

Phonological Awareness/Phonemic Awareness

Demonstrate early phonological awareness to basic phonemic awareness skills in spoken words.

Count the number of words in a spoken sentence.

Recognize alliterative spoken words.

Recognize and produce pairs of rhyming words and distinguish them from non-rhyming pairs using pictures and/or spoken words.

Count, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words, including compound words.

Blend and segment onsets and rimes of single-syllable spoken words.

Identify the initial, final, and medial sounds of spoken words.

Blend and segment phonemes in single-syllable spoken words made up of three to four phonemes.

Distinguish between commonly confused cognate consonant sounds, using knowledge of voiced and unvoiced sounds and manner of articulation.

Phonics

Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word-analysis skills to decode and encode (spell) words accurately in both isolation and in decodable, grade-appropriate text.

Produce the most frequent sound(s) for each consonant, including x and q, which have two phonemes (sounds).

Identify the vowel in a closed syllable and produce the short vowel sound for the five major vowels when decoding closed syllables.

Decode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words in isolation and in decodable text.

Identify the vowel in an open syllable and produce the long vowel sound for the five major vowels when decoding open syllables.