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English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.25b

Explain how specific features can clarify a text or enhance comprehension.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Text features can clarify or enhance the meaning of text.

Skills

  • Explain how text features can clarify the meaning of text.
  • Explain how text features can improve comprehension of text.

Understanding

  • They can use text features to better understand, or comprehend, the meaning of a text.

Vocabulary

  • Features
  • Clarify
  • Enhance
  • Comprehension
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.26

Compare and contrast important details presented by two texts on the same topic or theme.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Compare means tell how things are alike or similar.
  • Contrast means tell how things are different.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Compare and contrast important details after reading two texts that have a common theme or topic.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Texts about the same topic or theme will have similarities and differences.
  • Comparing and contrasting texts with the same topic or theme will improve their overall comprehension of the texts.

Vocabulary

  • Compare
  • Contrast
  • Topic
  • Theme

Aligned Learning Resources

Going Batty
Is the Big, Bad Wolf Really Big and Bad?
Giddy Up Cinderella
#The Real Story of the Three Little Pigs (What Really Happened)
#The Real Story of the Three Little Pigs (What Really Happened) During
#The Real Story of the Three Little Pigs (What Really Happened) After
Another Side of the Story (Understanding Point of View)
Compare and Contrast Fairy Tale Versions
Using Different Voices When Reading Point of View
Understanding Point of View (Different Voices for Different Points of View)
Writing a Fractured Fairy Tale From a Different Point of View
What Lives in a Pond and Desert?
Welcome, Readers!
Compare and Contrast
Interactive Story Map
Animal Study: From Fiction to Facts
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.26a

Compare and contrast different versions of the same story by different authors, from different cultures, or from different points of view.

Examples: The Three Little Pigs and The True Story of the Three Little Pigs; Cinderella and The Rough-Face Girl_

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Compare means tell how things are alike or similar.
  • Contrast means tell how things are different.
  • The same story can be told by different authors, can exist in different cultures, or can be told by different narrators.

Skills

  • Compare and contrast two or more versions of the same story by different authors, from different cultures, or from different points of view.
  • For example, The Three Little Pigs and The True Story of the Three Little Pigs or Cinderella and The Rough-Face Girl.

Understanding

  • Similarities and differences between the same stories can teach the reader about different cultures and explain different points of view.

Vocabulary

  • Compare
  • Contrast
  • Authors
  • Cultures
  • Points of view
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.26b

Compare and contrast story elements of literary texts.

Examples: characters, settings, sequence of events, plots

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Compare means tell how things are alike or similar.
  • Contrast means tell how things are different.
  • Literary texts include common story elements.

Skills

  • Compare and contrast story elements in literary texts, such as characters, settings, sequence of events, and plots.

Understanding

  • Comparing and contrasting story elements of literary texts can improve their comprehension, or understanding, of the texts.

Vocabulary

  • Compare
  • Contrast
  • Story elements
  • Literary texts
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.27

Identify the text structures within literary and informational texts, including cause and effect, problem and solution, and sequence of events.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Literary and informational texts follow predictable structures.
  • Cause and effect text structure describes an event (the cause) and the consequence or result of the event (the effect).
  • Problem and solution text structure describes a problem and how the problem was solved or could be solved.
  • Sequence of events is the order of events within a text.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify the text structure of literary texts.
  • Identify the text structure of informational texts.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Identifying the text structure of literary and informational texts will set a purpose for their reading and improve their comprehension.

Vocabulary

  • Text structures
  • Literary texts
  • Informational texts
  • Cause and effect
  • Problem and solution
  • Sequence of events

Aligned Learning Resources

Time After Time: How Can We Use Timelines to Reconstruct the Past? Part 1
Completing the Circle: The Craft of Circular Plot Structure
Engaging With Cause-and-Effect Relationships Through Creating Comic Strips
Snow Science!
Cause and Effect
KutaSoftware: Algebra 1 - Factoring Quadratic Polynomials Easy Part 1
Weak or Strong Statements: That Is the Question
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.28

Establish a purpose before reading literary and informational texts to enhance comprehension.

Examples: for pleasure, to identify main idea, to gather information or facts on a topic

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • There are different purposes for reading.
  • Authors write text for different purposes.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Establish a purpose for reading literary and informational text, such as for pleasure, to identify the main idea, to gather information or facts on a topic.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • There are different purposes for reading, and establishing their purpose before engaging in reading can improve their overall comprehension of literary and informational text.

Vocabulary

  • Establish
  • Purpose
  • Literary texts
  • Informational texts
  • Enhance
  • Comprehension

Aligned Learning Resources

Time After Time: How Can We Use Timelines to Reconstruct the Past? Part 2
The Coal Thief
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.29

With prompting and support, identify and interpret various cohesive devices that help link words and sentences to one another within the text as a scaffold to help build comprehension at the sentence and paragraph level.

Examples: pronoun references, word substitution using synonyms, conjunctions

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Words, sentences, and paragraphs can be joined together with certain words, phrases, or references.

Skills

Students are able to:
With prompting and support,
  • Identify cohesive devices that link together words and sentences within a text, such as pronoun references, word substitution using synonyms, and conjunctions.
  • Interpret cohesive devices to comprehend text at the sentence and paragraph level.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Cohesive devices, like pronoun references, word substitution, and conjunctions, can link words and sentences together within the larger body of text.
  • To fully comprehend a text, they must understand the meaning of the cohesive devices.

Vocabulary

  • Identify
  • Interpret
  • Cohesive devices
  • Scaffold
  • Comprehension
  • Sentence level
  • Paragraph level
  • Prompting
  • Support
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.30

Read and comprehend literary and informational texts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Comprehension is understanding text that is read.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read and comprehend literary (fictional) and informational (nonfiction) text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can read literary and informational texts and use comprehension skills to understand what they have read.

Vocabulary

  • Comprehend
  • Literary texts
  • Informational texts

Aligned Learning Resources

Predicting and Gathering Information With Nonfiction Texts
My Bean Plant
Water Takes Three Forms
Weathering and Erosion
The Power of the Earth
Snow Science!
Water Balloon Games for Kids
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.30a

State and confirm predictions about a text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A prediction is a guess at what they think the story or passage will be about.

Skills

  • Share predictions about the text they will read.
  • Confirm predictions as correct or incorrect after reading the text.

Understanding

  • They can demonstrate comprehension of a text by making predictions and confirming if the prediction was correct or incorrect.

Vocabulary

  • Confirm
  • Predictions
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.30b

Use background knowledge to make connections to new text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Background knowledge will help make connections to text.

Skills

  • Use current background knowledge to make connections to new information presented in text.

Understanding

  • Connecting their prior knowledge to new information presented in text can improve their comprehension and retention of newly learned information.

Vocabulary

  • Background knowledge
  • Connections
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.30c

Draw conclusions based on the text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Drawing conclusions is taking what they currently know and applying it to what they have just read to develop a new thought or reasoning.

Skills

  • Draw conclusions after reading a text.

Understanding

  • Drawing conclusions from a text demonstrates they comprehended the text and learned new information.

Vocabulary

  • Draw conclusions
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.31

Use information from a text to determine the author’s purpose in different forms of informational and literary texts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Authors write for different reasons: to entertain, to persuade, to inform, to explain.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use text evidence to determine the author's purpose in different types of literary (fictional) and informational (nonfictional) texts.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Determining the author's purpose when reading allows them to strengthen their understanding and comprehension of the text.

Vocabulary

  • Author's purpose
  • Informational texts
  • Literary texts

Aligned Learning Resources

All-American Diva, Ruby Bridges
Motion!
Author's Purpose
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.32

Identify rhyme schemes in poems or songs.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Rhyme schemes are patterns of sound that repeat at the end of a line or stanza in a poem or song.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Identify rhyming words in poems or songs.
  • Identify the pattern of sounds that repeat at the end of a line or stanza in poems or songs.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Rhyming words have the same vowel and ending sound.
  • Poems and songs often have a pattern of rhyming words, called a rhyme scheme.

Vocabulary

  • Rhyme schemes
  • Poems
  • Songs

Aligned Learning Resources

Rhythm and Repetition
Dancing to Haikus-Part 1: Identifying Syllables
Dancing to Haikus-Part 2: Dance Party
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.33

Read and identify types of poems, including free verse, rhymed verse, haiku, and limerick.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Different types of poems have different features and follow different patterns.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Read and identify different types of poetry.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Poetry is a genre of literary text that can fall into different categories.
  • Reading different types of poetry will increase their knowledge of poetry styles and enable them to identify different types of poems.

Vocabulary

  • Poems
  • Free verse
  • Rhymed verse
  • Haiku
  • Limerick
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.34

Differentiate between fact and opinion in a text.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • A fact is a statement that can be proven with evidence.
  • An opinion is a personal belief that cannot be proven true in every case.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Differentiate between a fact and an opinion in a text.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • A fact is a thing that is known or proved to be true, and an opinion is a personal view or judgment about something.

Vocabulary

  • Differentiate
  • Fact
  • Opinion

Aligned Learning Resources

Investigating Animals: Using Nonfiction for Inquiry-Based Research
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.34a

Use prior knowledge and information gathered from research to evaluate opinions in texts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Research happens when you look up information about a topic.
  • Opinions are what someone thinks or feels and cannot be proven true or false, but they can be evaluated based on evidence.

Skills

  • Use prior knowledge and information learned through research to make judgments on opinions within texts.

Understanding

  • They can evaluate opinions in text by using their background knowledge and newly gained information from research.

Vocabulary

  • Prior knowledge
  • Information
  • Research
  • Evaluate
  • Opinions
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.34b

Use textual evidence and gathered research from reliable sources to prove facts.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A fact is something that can be proven true or false through research.
  • A reliable source is a source that provides accurate information.

Skills

  • Use text evidence from reliable sources to prove facts.
  • Gather research from reliable sources to prove facts.
  • Identify reliable sources of information.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Some texts are not reliable sources of information.
  • A reliable text is a source of information that can be used for research and providing text evidence.

Vocabulary

  • Textual evidence
  • Gathered research
  • Reliable sources
  • Facts
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.35

Demonstrate listening skills and build background knowledge by asking and answering questions about texts read aloud.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Active listening skills.
  • Asking and answering questions about text builds background knowledge.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Demonstrate active listening skills by asking and answering questions about text read aloud.
  • Build background knowledge by asking and answering questions about text read aloud.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Listening skills and background knowledge can be used to answer questions about texts read aloud.

Vocabulary

  • Listening skills
  • Background knowledge

Aligned Learning Resources

Adjective Monster
Parental Expectations: Amy Tan: Unintended Memoir
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.36

Manipulate words and/or phrases to create simple and compound sentences, including coordinating conjunctions for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so, to help build syntactic awareness and comprehension at the sentence level.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • A complete simple sentence includes a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.
  • A complete compound sentence includes two subjects and two predicates and expresses two complete thoughts.
  • A complete compound sentence must include a coordinating conjunction to link the two complete thoughts.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Manipulate words and/or phrases to create simple and compound sentences in their writing.
  • Use coordinating conjunctions to combine two simple sentences into a compound sentence in their writing.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • They can improve their reading comprehension and build syntactic awareness by using different types of sentences in their writing.
  • They can join two simple sentences with a coordinating conjunction to form a compound sentence.
  • Writers vary their sentence structure to engage their readers.

Vocabulary

  • Manipulate
  • Phrases
  • Simple sentences
  • Compound sentences
  • Coordinating conjunctions
  • Syntactic awareness
  • Sentence level

Aligned Learning Resources

Simple and Compound Sentences for Kids
Monster Phrases
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.37a

Write words and sentences fluently using correctly-formed manuscript letters with appropriate size and spacing.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Legible manuscript writing requires letters to be formed correctly with the appropriate size and spacing between letters and words.
  • Fluently means writing without having to pause to think about the next motion.

Skills

  • Fluently write words with correctly-formed, appropriately sized manuscript letters with appropriate spaces between the letters.
  • Fluently write sentences with correctly-formed, appropriately sized manuscript letters with appropriate spaces between the letters and the words.

Understanding

  • Fluent, legible writing of words and sentences is an important skill as they begin to write longer pieces.

Vocabulary

  • Manuscript letters
  • Fluently
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.37b

Demonstrate cursive writing strokes, including undercurve, overcurve, downcurve, and slant.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Cursive writing is created using a series of strokes, including the undercurve, overcurve, downcurve, and slant.

Skills

  • Correctly form the cursive writing strokes including the undercurve, overcurve, downcurve, and slant.

Understanding

  • They can form cursive letters by using a series of basic strokes: the undercurve, overcurve, downcurve, and slant.

Vocabulary

  • Cursive writing strokes
  • Undercurve
  • Overcurve
  • Downcurve
  • Slant
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.37c

Form uppercase and lowercase letters in cursive.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The strokes to form uppercase and lowercase letters in cursive writing.

Skills

  • Correctly use the cursive writing strokes to write the uppercase and lowercase cursive letters.

Understanding

  • Combining cursive writing strokes forms the uppercase and lowercase cursive letters.

Vocabulary

  • Uppercase
  • Lowercase
  • Cursive
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38

Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
  • Multisyllabic words are words that are composed of two or more syllables.
  • Syllable division principles.
  • Spelling rules (or generalizations).
  • To encode accurately means to spell a word correctly.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately encode (spell) single syllable and multisyllabic words using their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling generalization.
  • Accurately divide words into syllables to spell multisyllabic words correctly.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • To spell (encode), they must accurately represent the letter symbols (graphemes) that correspond to the spoken sounds (phonemes).
  • They can use syllable division principles to break a word apart to make it easier to spell.
  • They can use their knowledge of the six syllable types to accurately encode words.
  • There are spelling rules, or generalizations, in the English language that can help them spell words accurately.

Vocabulary

  • Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division principles
  • Spelling rules
  • Generalizations
  • Encode
  • Accurately

Aligned Learning Resources

Long e with Sheep in a Jeep
Acrostic Poems: All About Me and My Favorite Things
Construct-a-Word
Contraction Action
Contractions
Reading and Writing Words With Vowel Teams
Balloons
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38a

Encode grade-appropriate multisyllabic words using knowledge of syllable types, including open, closed, vowel-consonant-e, vowel teams, vowel-r, and consonant-le.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • The features of a closed syllable.
  • The features of an open syllable.
  • The features of a vowel-consonant-e syllable.
  • The features of a vowel-r syllable.
  • The features of common vowel team syllables.
  • The features of a consonant-le syllable.

Skills

  • Accurately encode (spell) multisyllabic words using their knowledge of the spelling patterns of the six syllable types.

Understanding

  • They correctly spell multisyllabic words by using their knowledge of the spelling patterns of the six syllable types.

Vocabulary

  • Encode
  • Multisyllabic
  • Syllable types
  • Open syllable
  • Closed syllable
  • Vowel-consonant-e syllable
  • Vowel team syllable
  • vowel-r syllable
  • Consonant-le syllable
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38b

Apply knowledge of multisyllabic word construction and syllable division principles to encode grade-appropriate words correctly.

Examples: VC/CV, V/CV, VC/V, CV/VC; rab-bit, o-pen, cab-in, di-et

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Multisyllabic words are words that are constructed of two or more syllables.
  • Multisyllabic words can be broken down into single syllables using syllable division principles.

Skills

  • Accurately encode (spell) grade-appropriate multisyllabic words using knowledge of multisyllabic word construction and syllable division principles. For example, VC/CV, rab-bit; V/CV, o-pen; VC/V, cab-in; CV/VC, li-on.

Understanding

  • When spelling multisyllabic words, they should divide the word into individual syllables and use their knowledge of the syllable types to spell each syllable correctly.

Vocabulary

  • Multisyllabic word construction
  • Syllable division principles
  • Encode
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38c

Encode words with final /v/ and /j/ sounds using knowledge that no English word ends with a v or j.

Examples: have, give, save; cage, rage, budge, lodge

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Words with final /v/ sound.
  • No English word ends with a v.
  • Words with final /j/ sound.
  • No English words end with a j.

Skills

  • Encode (spell) words with final /v/ sound by adding an -e at the end of the word, such as in have, give, save.
  • Encode (spell) words with final /j/ sound by adding an -ge or -dge at the end of the word, such as in cage, rage, budge, lodge.

Understanding

  • There are no words in the English language that end with v, so words that end with a /v/ sound will follow the spelling rule of adding an -e to the end of the word.
  • There are no words in the English language that end with j, so words that end with a /j/ sound will follow the spelling rule of adding an -ge or -dge to the end of the word.

Vocabulary

  • Encode
  • Final /v/ sound
  • Final /j/ sound
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38d

Encode one- and two-syllable words with long and short vowel patterns.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Vowels can make a long sound or a short sound.
  • Each type of vowel sound has predictable spelling patterns.

Skills

  • Encode (spell) words with short and long vowel patterns in words that have one or two syllables.

Understanding

  • Vowels have more than one sound (long or short).
  • They can spell one or two-syllable words by knowing the spelling rules for long and short vowel patterns.

Vocabulary

  • Encode
  • One-syllable words
  • Two-syllable words
  • Long vowel patterns
  • Short vowel patterns
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38e

Encode words with two- and three-consonant blends, including those containing digraphs.

Examples: st, sm, sn, sl, cl, dr, br, bl, str, scr, thr, squ, spl, spr

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Consonant blends are a combination of two or three consonants in which each grapheme represents a phoneme sound.
  • Digraphs are two letter combination that represents a single phoneme sound in which neither letter represents its usual sound.

Skills

  • Encode (spell) words with two-consonant blends, such as st, sm, sn, sl, cl, dr, br, bl.
  • Encode (spell) words with three-consonant blends, such as str, scr, spl, spr.
  • Encode (spell) words with a digraph paired with a consonant blend, such as thr, squ.

Understanding

  • When spelling a word with a two- or three-letter consonant blend, each consonant produces its sound.
  • When spelling a word with a digraph and a blend, the digraph will be represented by two letters that make one sound, combined with a consonant that produces its sound.

Vocabulary

  • Encode
  • Two-consonant blends
  • Three-consonant blends
  • Digraphs
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38f

Encode words with consonant digraphs, trigraphs, and combinations.

Examples: ph, gh, ch, sh, wh, th, ng, tch, dge, qu

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Digraphs are two letter combination that represents a single phoneme sound in which neither letter represents its usual sound.
  • Trigraphs are three letter combinations that represents a single phoneme sound.
  • Combinations are two letters that frequently appear together and have an associated phoneme.

Skills

  • Encode (spell) words with consonant digraphs, such as ph, gh, ch, sh, wh, th, ng.
  • Encode (spell) words with consonant trigraphs, such as tch, dge.
  • Encode (spell) words with combinations, such as qu.

Understanding

  • Some words have special combinations of letters that can be encoded using their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.

Vocabulary

  • Encode
  • Consonant digraphs
  • Trigraphs
  • Combinations
English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 2

ELA21.2.38g

Encode words with the common vowel teams, including diphthongs.

Examples: ai, ay, ea, ee, ei, igh, oa, ow, ou, ue, ew, eigh

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

  • Vowel teams are a combination of two, three, or four letters that represent for one vowel sound.
  • Diphthongs are single vowel phonemes that glide in the middle.

Skills

  • Encode (spell) words with common vowel teams and diphthongs, such as ai, ay, ea, ee, ei, igh, oa, ow, ou, ue, ew, eigh.

    • Understanding

    • Vowel teams are a combination of two, three, or four letters that represent one vowel sound.
    • Diphthongs are a combination of vowels that glide in the middle due to a shifting mouth position.

    Vocabulary

    • Encode
    • Vowel teams
    • Diphthongs

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