SC15.CHM.3

Science (2015) Grade(s): 09-12 - Chemistry

Developing and Using Models; Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Patterns; Systems and System Models; Structure and Function

Students know:

The atom has a positively-charged nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively-charged electrons.
The periodic table can be used to determine the number of particles in an atom of a given element.
The relationship between the arrangement of main group elements on the periodic table and the pattern of valence electrons in their atoms.
The relationship between the arrangement of elements on the periodic table and the number of protons in their atoms.
The trends in relative size, reactivity, and electronegativity in atoms are based on attractions of the valence electrons to the nucleus.
The number and types of bonds formed (i.e. ionic, covalent, metallic) by an element and between elements are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms.
The shapes of molecules are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms.
The rules for naming chemical compounds are based upon the type of bond formed.
The number and charges in stable ions that form from atoms in a group of the periodic table are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms.

Students are able to:

Students understand that:

Models are based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
The periodic table arranges elements into periods/ rows by the number of protons in the atom's nucleus.
Elements with similar properties are placed into groups/ families/ columns based on the repeating pattern of valence electrons in their atoms.
Attraction and repulsion between electrical charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properites, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects.
The attraction and repulsion of charged particles in the atom creates patterns of properties of elements.
The arrangement of valence electrons in an atom also creates patterns of properties of elements.
Elements form bonds based upon their valence electron arrangement.
Chemical compounds are named based upon the type of bonds formed by their constituent atoms/ ions.
Different patterns may be observed at the atomic/ molecular level and the macroscopic level.