SC15.HAP.9

Science (2015) Grade(s): 09-12 - Human Anatomy and Physiology

SC15.HAP.9

Develop and use a model to explain how the organs of the respiratory system function.

Unpacked Content

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Developing and Using Models; Engaging in Argument from Evidence

Crosscutting Concepts

Cause and Effect; Structure and Function

Knowledge

Students know:
  • The respiratory system is composed of the upper respiratory system (nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx),and the lower respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs).
  • Breathing is due to the action of the muscles and bones of the thorax and is controled by the antonomic and somatic nervous systems.
  • Inspiration is due to the contraction of the diaphram and expansion of the rib cage.
  • Alveoli expand and fill with air upon inspiration
  • The partial pressure of gases in the air determines the direction of diffusion during breathing.
  • Diseases of the respiratory system are either developmental (due to genetic conditions or lifestyle factors) or infectious (due to microorganisms).
  • Lifestyle plays a significant role in respiratory system aging. Aging can lead to a reduced ability to carry out respiration and reduced diffusion of gases across the alveoli.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the respiratory system including its structures and their function.
  • Use evidence to develop a model of the respiratory system.
  • Develop a model to predict and show relationships among variables between the respiratory system and its components.
  • Use a model to collect respiratory function data.
  • Gather, read and interpret scientific information about environmental factors that may affect the respiratory system.
  • Gather, read and interpret scientific information about genetic factors that may affect the respiratory system.
  • Use evidence to form an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
  • Use evidence to defend an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
  • Evaluate counter-claims and revise argument based on evidence.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • The respiratory system is made of several different tissues, and organs that move air in and out of the body.
  • The respiratory system closely interacts with the cardiovascular system performing gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli.
  • Numerous organs organs are structurally designed to play several different roles in the respiratory process.
  • Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of respiratory disorders.
  • Lifestyle choices and various medications can help alleviate respiratory disorders.

Vocabulary

  • Lung
  • ventilation
  • lower/ upper respiratory system
  • nose
  • quadrangular cartilage
  • nostrils/ nares
  • nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • turbinates
  • pharynx
  • nasopharynx
  • adenoids
  • oropharynx
  • tonsils
  • laryngopharynx
  • glottis
  • larynx
  • vocal cords
  • epiglottis
  • thyroid cartilage
  • laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)
  • cricoid cartilage
  • arytenoid cartilage
  • trachea
  • primary bronchi
  • tracheal cartilage
  • bronchial tree
  • bronchi (secondary and tertiary)
  • bronchioles (terminal, respiratory)
  • brochoconstriction
  • bronchodilation
  • pleura (parietal, visceral), pleuritis
  • lobes, lobule
  • surfactant
  • alveolus
  • diaphragm
  • inspiration/ inhalation
  • expiration/ exhalation
  • phrenic nerve
  • intrapleural pressure
  • partial pressure
  • bronchitis
  • emphysema
  • ARDS
  • atelectasis
  • pneumothorax
  • bronchiectasis
  • COPD
  • sleep apnea
  • lung cancer
  • pneumonia
  • tuberculosis
  • tidal volume
  • vital capacity
  • residual volume
  • lung capacity
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