SC15.HAP.9

Science (2015) Grade(s): 09-12 - Human Anatomy and Physiology

Developing and Using Models; Engaging in Argument from Evidence

Cause and Effect; Structure and Function

Students know:

The respiratory system is composed of the upper respiratory system (nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx),and the lower respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs).
Breathing is due to the action of the muscles and bones of the thorax and is controled by the antonomic and somatic nervous systems.
Inspiration is due to the contraction of the diaphram and expansion of the rib cage.
Alveoli expand and fill with air upon inspiration
The partial pressure of gases in the air determines the direction of diffusion during breathing.
Diseases of the respiratory system are either developmental (due to genetic conditions or lifestyle factors) or infectious (due to microorganisms).
Lifestyle plays a significant role in respiratory system aging. Aging can lead to a reduced ability to carry out respiration and reduced diffusion of gases across the alveoli.

Students are able to:

Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the respiratory system including its structures and their function.
Use evidence to develop a model of the respiratory system.
Develop a model to predict and show relationships among variables between the respiratory system and its components.
Use a model to collect respiratory function data.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about environmental factors that may affect the respiratory system.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about genetic factors that may affect the respiratory system.
Use evidence to form an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
Use evidence to defend an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
Evaluate counter-claims and revise argument based on evidence.

Students understand that:

The respiratory system is made of several different tissues, and organs that move air in and out of the body.
The respiratory system closely interacts with the cardiovascular system performing gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli.
Numerous organs organs are structurally designed to play several different roles in the respiratory process.
Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of respiratory disorders.
Lifestyle choices and various medications can help alleviate respiratory disorders.