Unpacked Content
Scientific and Engineering Practices
Developing and Using Models; Engaging in Argument from Evidence
Crosscutting Concepts
Cause and Effect; Structure and Function
Knowledge
Students know:
- The respiratory system is composed of the upper respiratory system (nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx),and the lower respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs).
- Breathing is due to the action of the muscles and bones of the thorax and is controled by the antonomic and somatic nervous systems.
- Inspiration is due to the contraction of the diaphram and expansion of the rib cage.
- Alveoli expand and fill with air upon inspiration
- The partial pressure of gases in the air determines the direction of diffusion during breathing.
- Diseases of the respiratory system are either developmental (due to genetic conditions or lifestyle factors) or infectious (due to microorganisms).
- Lifestyle plays a significant role in respiratory system aging. Aging can lead to a reduced ability to carry out respiration and reduced diffusion of gases across the alveoli.
Skills
Students are able to:
- Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the respiratory system including its structures and their function.
- Use evidence to develop a model of the respiratory system.
- Develop a model to predict and show relationships among variables between the respiratory system and its components.
- Use a model to collect respiratory function data.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about environmental factors that may affect the respiratory system.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about genetic factors that may affect the respiratory system.
- Use evidence to form an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
- Use evidence to defend an argument about environmental or genetic factors that may cause pathological conditions in the respiratory system.
- Evaluate counter-claims and revise argument based on evidence.
Understanding
Students understand that:
- The respiratory system is made of several different tissues, and organs that move air in and out of the body.
- The respiratory system closely interacts with the cardiovascular system performing gas exchange between capillaries and alveoli.
- Numerous organs organs are structurally designed to play several different roles in the respiratory process.
- Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of respiratory disorders.
- Lifestyle choices and various medications can help alleviate respiratory disorders.
Vocabulary
- Lung
- ventilation
- lower/ upper respiratory system
- nose
- quadrangular cartilage
- nostrils/ nares
- nasal cavity
- paranasal sinuses
- turbinates
- pharynx
- nasopharynx
- adenoids
- oropharynx
- tonsils
- laryngopharynx
- glottis
- larynx
- vocal cords
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)
- cricoid cartilage
- arytenoid cartilage
- trachea
- primary bronchi
- tracheal cartilage
- bronchial tree
- bronchi (secondary and tertiary)
- bronchioles (terminal, respiratory)
- brochoconstriction
- bronchodilation
- pleura (parietal, visceral), pleuritis
- lobes, lobule
- surfactant
- alveolus
- diaphragm
- inspiration/ inhalation
- expiration/ exhalation
- phrenic nerve
- intrapleural pressure
- partial pressure
- bronchitis
- emphysema
- ARDS
- atelectasis
- pneumothorax
- bronchiectasis
- COPD
- sleep apnea
- lung cancer
- pneumonia
- tuberculosis
- tidal volume
- vital capacity
- residual volume
- lung capacity
