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Use the term narrator to refer to the speaker who is telling the story.

Describe connections between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information, including cause and effect, sequence, and problem and solution, in a literary text.

With prompting and support, use textual evidence to explain the central message or moral of a literary text.

Make predictions using information found within a literary text.

Self-monitor comprehension of text by pausing to summarize or rereading for clarification when comprehension is lacking.

Compare and contrast texts.

Compare and contrast characters, settings, and major events in literary texts.

Describe the connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in an informational text.

Point out similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic.

Writing

Write legibly, using proper pencil grip.

Print upper and lowercase letters fluently, using proper approach strokes, letter formation, and line placement.

Print first and last names using proper letter formation, capitalization, and punctuation.

Use lower case letters in the majority of written work, using capitals only when appropriate.

Write letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order from memory.

Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

Encode vowel-consonant (VC) and consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words, while using some knowledge of basic position-based rules for spelling English words in closed syllables.

Encode consonant-vowel (CV) words using knowledge of open syllable patterns.

Encode words with two-consonant blends in beginning position, including blends that are commonly confused with other spellings, by distinguishing the placement and action of the lips, teeth, and tongue during articulation.

Encode words with consonant digraphs using knowledge that one sound may be spelled with two letters.

Encode words with vowel-consonant-e syllable patterns.

With prompting and support, encode words with the common vowel teams and diphthongs.

With prompting and support, encode words with vowel-r combinations ar, or, er, ir, and ur.

With prompting and support, encode words with final /ch/ sound spelled -ch and -tch.

With prompting and support, encode words with final /f/, /l/, and /s/ sounds in one-syllable base words by doubling the final consonant when it follows a short vowel sound.

Encode words with final /v/ sound, using knowledge that no English word ends with a v.

Encode grade-appropriate high frequency words that follow regular phoneme-grapheme correspondences.

Encode grade-appropriate high frequency words that follow regular phoneme-grapheme correspondences and patterns in all but one position, pointing out the part of the word that does not follow the regular pattern.

Encode words with suffixes -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, and -est.

With prompting and support, encode words with common prefixes re-, un-, and mis-.

With prompting and support, encode frequently confused homophones, using knowledge of English and meaning to facilitate learning.

Follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling appropriate to grade level.

Identify the required features of a sentence, including capitalization of the first word and end punctuation.

Transcribe spoken words to demonstrate that print represents oral language.

Compose a simple sentence, including a subject and a predicate, that expresses a complete thought.