What Are Perfect Squares?: Algebra 1, Episode 19: Unit 7, Lesson 11 | Illustrative Math

Learning Resource Type

Classroom Resource

Subject Area

Mathematics

Grade(s)

9, 10, 11, 12

Overview

This video lesson has two key aims. The first aim is to familiarize students with the structure of perfect-square expressions. Students analyze various examples of perfect squares. They apply the distributive property repeatedly to expand perfect-square expressions given in the factored form (MP8). The repeated reasoning allows them to generalize expressions of the form (x + n)2 as equivalent to x2 + 2nx + n2.

The second aim is to help students see that perfect squares can be handy for solving equations because we can find their square roots. Recognizing the structure of a perfect square equips students to look for features that are necessary to complete a square (MP7), which they will do in a future video lesson.

Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Algebra I with Probability

MA19.A1.5

Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it.

UP:MA19.A1.5

Vocabulary

  • Terms
  • Linear expressions
  • Equivalent expressions
  • Difference of two squares
  • Factor
  • Difference of squares

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Algebraic properties.
  • When one form of an algebraic expression is more useful than an equivalent form of that same expression.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use algebraic properties to produce equivalent forms of the same expression by recognizing underlying mathematical structures.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Generating equivalent algebraic expressions facilitates the investigation of more complex algebraic expressions.
Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Algebra I with Probability

MA19.A1.6

Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression.

UP:MA19.A1.6

Vocabulary

  • Quadratic expression
  • Zeros
  • Complete the square
  • Roots
  • Zeros
  • Solutions
  • x-intercepts
  • Maximum value
  • Minimum value
  • Factor
  • Roots
  • Exponents
  • Equivalent form
  • Vertex form of a quadratic expression

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Techniques for generating equivalent forms of an algebraic expression, including factoring and completing the square for quadratic expressions and using properties of exponents.
  • When one form of an algebraic expression is more useful than an equivalent form of that same expression to solve a given problem.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Use algebraic properties including properties of exponents to produce equivalent forms of the same expression by recognizing underlying mathematical structures.
  • Factor quadratic expressions.
  • Complete the square in quadratic expressions.
  • Use the vertex form of a quadratic expression to identify the maximum or minimum and the axis of symmetry.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Making connections among equivalent expressions reveals the roles of important mathematical features of a problem.
Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Algebra I with Probability

MA19.A1.9

Select an appropriate method to solve a quadratic equation in one variable.

UP:MA19.A1.9

Vocabulary

  • Completing the square
  • Quadratic equations
  • Quadratic formula
  • Inspection
  • Imaginary numbers
  • Binomials
  • Trinomials

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Any real number has two square roots, that is, if a is the square root of a real number then so is -a.
  • The method for completing the square.
  • Notational methods for expressing complex numbers.
  • A quadratic equation in standard form (ax2+bx+c=0) has real roots when b2-4ac is greater than or equal to zero and complex roots when b2-4ac is less than zero.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Accurately use properties of equality and other algebraic manipulations including taking square roots of both sides of an equation.
  • Accurately complete the square on a quadratic polynomial as a strategy for finding solutions to quadratic equations.
  • Factor quadratic polynomials as a strategy for finding solutions to quadratic equations.
  • Rewrite solutions to quadratic equations in useful forms including a ± bi and simplified radical expressions.
  • Make strategic choices about which procedures (inspection, completing the square, factoring, and quadratic formula) to use to reach a solution to a quadratic equation.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Solutions to a quadratic equation must make the original equation true and this should be verified.
  • When the quadratic equation is derived from a contextual situation, proposed solutions to the quadratic equation should be verified within the context given, as well as mathematically.
  • Different procedures for solving quadratic equations are necessary under different conditions.
  • If ab=0, then at least one of a or b must be zero (a=0 or b=0) and this is then used to produce the two solutions to the quadratic equation.
  • Whether the roots of a quadratic equation are real or complex is determined by the coefficients of the quadratic equation in standard form (ax2+bx+c=0).
Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Algebra II with Statistics

MA19.A2.11

Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.

UP:MA19.A2.11

Vocabulary

  • Complex solution
  • Quadratic equation
  • Real coefficients

Knowledge

Students know:
  • strategies for solving quadratic equations

Skills

Students are able to:
  • apply the quadratic equation.
  • provide solutions in complex form.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • all quadratic equations have two solutions: real or imaginary.
  • Some contextual situations are better suited to quadratic solutions.

CR Resource Type

Audio/Video

Resource Provider

PBS

License Type

CUSTOM
https://aptv.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/im20-math-ep19-711/what-are-perfect-…

Custom License Type (URL)

https://aptv.pbslearningmedia.org/help/terms-of-use/#.YD-bCNhKiUk

Accessibility

Video resources: includes closed captioning or subtitles

Approved Date

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