ELA21.3.8c

English Language Arts (2021) Grade(s): 3

Three-consonant blends are a combination of three consonants in which each represents a phoneme sound.
Digraphs are two letter combination that represents a single phoneme sound in which neither letter represents its usual sound.
Trigraphs are three letter combinations that represents a single phoneme sound.
Quadrigraph eigh is a combination of four letters that represents a single phoneme sound.
Combinations are two letters that frequently appear together and have an associated phoneme.
Diphthongs are single vowel phonemes that glide in the middle.
Silent letter combinations are letter combinations in which one or more letters is silent (does not represent a phoneme), but another letter does represent the phoneme.

Accurately decode and encode words with three-consonant blends, such as spl-, str-, scr-, squ-.
Accurately decode and encode words with consonant digraphs, such as th, sh, ch, ck, ph.
Accurately decode and encode words with consonant trigraphs, such as tch, dge, igh.
Accurately decode and encode words with combinations, such as er, ir, ar, or.
Accurately decode and encode words with diphthongs, such as oi oy, ou, ow.
Accurately decode and encode words with silent letter combinations, such as kn, gn, mb, wr, gh.

Some words have special combinations of letters that can be decoded and encoded using their knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.

Examples: spl-, str-, scr-, squ-; th, sh, ch, ck, ph; tch, dge, igh; er, ir, ar, or; oi, oy, ou, ow; kn, gn, mb, wr, gh