Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Applications of Finite Mathematics

MA19.FM.17

Solve problems involving networks through investigation and application of existence and nonexistence of Euler paths, Euler circuits, Hamilton paths, and Hamilton circuits. Note: Real-world contexts modeled by graphs may include roads or communication networks.

COS Examples

Example: show why a 5x5 grid has no Hamilton circuit.

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:

  • How to make systematic lists to solve problems.

Skills

Students are able to:

  • Create a graph that models a given situation.
  • Apply an algorithm to find a Hamilton or Euler circuit or path in a graph.

Understanding

Students understand that:

  • Graphs can be used to model real-world problems and Hamilton and Euler circuits and paths can provide solutions to such problems.
  • An Euler circuit cannot exist in a graph with any odd degree vertices.
  • An Euler path cannot exist in a graph without exactly two odd degree vertices.
  • No known good algorithm has been established for finding a Hamilton path or circuit since no necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Hamilton path or circuit have been identified.
  • The graph must be connected in order for a Hamilton or Euler path or circuit to exist.

Vocabulary

  • Degree of a vertex
  • Graph
  • Bipartite graph
  • Grid (a type of bipartite graph)
  • Vertex
  • Edge
  • Circuit (Euler, Hamilton)
  • Path (Euler, Hamilton)
  • Algorithm
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