SC15.HAP.11

Science (2015) Grade(s): 09-12 - Human Anatomy and Physiology

Developing and Using Models; Analyzing and Interpreting Data

Cause and Effect; Structure and Function

Students know:

The kidneys are positioned on either side of the midline of the superior abdominal cavity. A renal vein and artery exit or enter each kidney at its hilus. The inside of the kidneys have an outer cortex, and inner medulla and a renal pelvis. Urine is collected in the renal pyramids of the medulla and then trains into calyces that lead to the renal pelvis. The ureters transport urine to the bladder for temporary storage until it is released from the body through the urethra.
Urination is controlled reflexively and voluntarily.
Urine is formed in three stages glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
A combination of active and passive transport are responsible for water, nutrients and electrolytes being filtered back into the blood during reabsorption.
Homeostasis is maintained in the urinary system through urine formation, which is regulated by hormones.
Urinary system disorders are usually one of the following: congenital disorders, infection and inflammation, immune disorders, hormonal disorders, degenerative disorders or tumors. These can affect urine formation and therefore, homeostasis.

Students are able to:

Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the urinary system and its structure, including accessory structures.
Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the urinary system and its function, including accessory structures.
Use models to identify urinary system organs.
Use models (macro and microscopic) to observe and determine difference in structure among urinary organs and tissues.
Use models to describe the function of the urinary system as it relates to its structure.
Use scientific literature to identify conditions and diseases that effect the urinary system system.
Gather and examine urinary disease empirical evidence to draw correlations and predict cause and effect relationships.
Evaluate, based on evidence, how these conditions and diseases affect the body.
Analyze data in order to make a valid and reliable scientific claim about how the body responds to the identified conditions and diseases in its attempt to maintain homeostasis.

Students understand that:

The urinary system plays a major role in the removal of wastes to maitain homeostasis in the body by acting as a filtering system for the blood in a series of processes that ends in the production of urine.
The urinary system is made of several different tissues, and organs that filter blood and create liquid waste.
The urinary system closely interacts with the cardiovascular system performing different types of cell transport between capillaries and nephrons.
Homeostatic factors contribute to the development of urinary disorders.
Lifestyle choices and various medications can help alleviate urinary disorders.
Multiple systems interact to play a part in urinary function and pathology.