Unpacked Content
Scientific and Engineering Practices
Planning and Carrying out Investigations; Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
Crosscutting Concepts
Scale, Proportion, and Quantity; Energy and Matter
Knowledge
Students know:
- Behavior of gases is determined by the movement and interactions of the particles.
- Relationships among the variables (pressure, volume, temperature, number of particles) can be used to predict the changes to a gaseous system.
- The movement and interactions of gas particles within a system and the type of sytem determine the behavior of gases.
- Relationships among the variables (pressure, volume, temperature, number of particles) can be used to predict the changes to a gaseous system.
Skills
Students are able to:
- Plan an investigation that describes experimental procedure, including how data will be collected, number of trials, experimental setup, and equipment required.
- Conduct an investigation to collect and record data that can be used to describe the relationship between the measureable properties of a substance and the motion of the particles of the substance.
- Analyze recorded data to explain the behavior of ideal gases in terms of pressure, volume, temperature, and number of particles.
- Identify relevant components in mathematical representations of the gas laws.
- Analyze data using tools, technologies, and/ or models (e.g., computational, mathematical) in order to make valid and reliable scientific claims.
- Use mathematical representations to determine the value of any relevant components in mathematical representations of the gas laws, given the other values.
Understanding
Students understand that:
- Scientists plan and conduct investigations individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence.
- Changes in the variables that affect the motion of gas particles can be described and predicted using scientific investigations.
- The patterns of interactions between particles at the atomic/ molecular/ particulate level are reflected in the patterns of behavior at the macroscopic scale.
- Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.
- Mathematical representations of phenomena are used to support claims and may include calculations, graphs or other pictorial depictions of quantitative information.
- Changes in the variables that affect the motion of gas particles can be described and predicted using scientific investigations.
- Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems.
Vocabulary
- Pressure
- Volume
- Temperature
- Number of particles
- System
- Atomic/ molecular level
- Macroscopic level
- independent variable
- Dependent variable
- controlled variable(s)
- Direct proportional/ relationship
- Inverse proportional/ relationship
- Avogadro's Law
- Boyle's Law
- Charles' Law
- Gay-Lussac's Law (Amontons' Law)
- Ideal gas law
- Constant