Unpacked Content
Scientific and Engineering Practices
Planning and Carrying out Investigations; Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
Crosscutting Concepts
Patterns; Scale, Proportion, and Quantity; Energy and Matter
Knowledge
Students know:
- The total number of atoms of each element in the reactants and in the products is the same.
- The number and types of bonds that each atom forms is determined by their valence electron arrangement.
- The valence electron state of the atoms that make up the reactants and the products is based on their location on the periodic table.
- Patterns of attraction allow the prediction of the type of reaction that occurs.
- Chemical equations are a mathematical representation of chemical reactions.
- Coefficients of a balanced chemical equation indicate the ratio in which substances react or are produced.
- Substances in a chemical reaction react proportionally.
- The mole is used to convert between the atomic/ molecular/ particulate and macroscopic levels.
- Mathematical representations may include calculations, graphs or other pictorial depictions.
- Matter cannot be created or destroyed but is conserved during a chemical change.
- Substances in a chemical reaction react proportionally.
- Conversion between the atomic/ molecular/ particulate and macroscopic levels requires the use of moles and Avogadro's number.
- Mathematical representations may include calculations, graphs or other pictorial depictions of quantitative information.
Skills
Students are able to:
- Plan an investigation that outlines the experimental procedure, including safety considerations, how data will be collected, number of trials, experimental setup, and equipment required.
- Conduct an investigation to collect and record data that can be used to classify reactions and determine the quantity of reactants and products.
- Write correct chemical formulas of products and reactants using valence electron arrangement.
- Demonstrate that the numbers and types of atoms are the same both before and after the reaction.
- Identify the numbers and types of bonds in both the reactants and products.
- Describe how the patterns of reactivity at the macroscopic level are determined using the periodic table.
- Identify reactants and products in a chemical reaction using a chemical equation.
- Balance chemical equations.
- Determine the number of atoms/ molecules and number of moles of each component in a chemical reaction using a balanced chemical equation.
- Determine the molar mass of all components of a chemical reaction.
- Calculate the mass number of atoms, molar mass and number of moles of substances in a chemical reaction.
- Calculate the mass of a component in a chemical reaction given the mass or number of moles of any other component using proportional relationships.
- Predict the number of atoms in the reactant and product at the atomic or molecular scale.
- Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms and therefore mass are conserved during a chemical reaction.
Understanding
Students understand that:
- Theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.
- Scientists plan and conduct investigations individually and collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence.
- The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons and places those with similar properties into columns, which reflect patterns of valence electrons.
- The fact that atoms are conserved, together with knowledge of chemical properties of the elements involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions.
- Different patterns may be observed at each level (macroscopic, atomic/ molecular, etc.) and can provide evidence to explain phenomena.
- Mathematical representations of phenomena are used to support claims and may include calculations, graphs or other pictorial depictions of quantitative information.
- The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.
- Science assumes the universe is a vast single system in which basic laws are consistent.
- Mathematical representations of phenomena are used to support claims and may include calculations, graphs or other pictorial depictions of quantitative information.
- The fact that atoms are conserved, together with the knowledge of the chemical properties of the substances involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions.
- The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.
- Science assumes the universe is a vast single system in which basic laws are consistent.
Vocabulary
- Chemical reactions
- Valence electrons
- Reactants
- Products
- Macroscopic level
- Atomic/ molecular/ particulate level
- Ionic bonds
- Covalent/ molecular bonds
- Types of reactions:
- synthesis
- decomposition
- single replacement/ displacement
- double replacement/ displacement
- combustion
- Chemical reactions
- Reactants
- Products
- Chemical equations
- Coefficients
- Subscripts
- Mass
- Moles
- Mole ratio
- Ratio
- Atoms
- Conservation of matter
- Quantitative
- Qualitative
- Stoichiometry
