Lesson Plan

Zoom Zoom!

Subject Area

Science

Grade(s)

4

Overview

In this lesson, students will explore how to increase the potential and kinetic energy of their toy cars by building ramps. Students will measure the distance the car travels and create a class line graph via the internet from the recorded data. Students will investigate potential and kinetic energy by introducing different variables such as mass, weight, and height during a ramp redesign, and measure the distance the cars travel using the variables. Students will create a presentation on Educreations to showcase their ramp redesign using their chosen variable.

This lesson results from the ALEX Resource Gap Project.

Science (2015) Grade(s): 4

SC15.4.1

Use evidence to explain the relationship of the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Unpacked Content

UP:SC15.4.1

Vocabulary

  • Construct
  • Evidence
  • Energy
  • Explanation
  • Relative speed
  • Phenomenon

Knowledge

Students know:
  • Motion can indicate the energy of an object.
  • The observable impact of a moving object interacting with its surroundings reflects how much energy can be transferred between objects and therefore relates to the energy of the moving object.
  • The faster a given object is moving the more observable the impact it can have on another object.
  • The speed of an object is related to the energy of the object.

Skills

Students are able to:
  • Articulate from evidence to explain the observable impact of the speed of an object and the energy of an object.

Understanding

Students understand that:
  • Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects.

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

Crosscutting Concepts

Energy and Matter

Primary Learning Objectives

Students will be able to: 

1) construct a ramp to explore the potential and kinetic energy of a toy car.

2) measure the distance their toy car travels & chart the data on a class line graph.

3) introduce additional variables such as mass, weight, and height during ramp redesign and investigate any changes in the toy car's potential and kinetic energy.

 

Additional Learning Objective(s)

Students will be able to: 

1) create a multimedia presentation to explain their findings during ramp redesign using Educreations.

Procedures/Activities

Before

Engage:  Place a toy car on the edge of a desk or table and ask the students to imagine that it is a real car at the top of a hill. The car is motionless at this moment, but could easily roll down the hill. As it sits on the table, the car has potential, or stored, energy (due to its position), but has the ability to change into other forms of energy. 

Push the car across the table gently with your hand and explain to the students when the car is in motion (rolling) the stored energy is being changed to kinetic energy (energy in motion). 

Explain to students today they will construct ramps to explore ways to increase potential and kinetic energy in their own toy cars.

During

Explore: Show the video:  Team Hot Wheels - The Yellow Driver's World Record Jump (Tanner Foust) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SjX7A_FR6g

After the video, ask the following questions:

  1. What kind of energy did the car have when it was at the top of the ramp?  (potential)
  2. What kind of energy did the car have as it traveled down the ramp? (kinetic)
  3. What did you notice about the ramp's design?  (the ramp started up high then dropped down then went high again just before the jump)
  4. What did you notice about the track and the car? (the car fit tightly onto the track with no room to move around from side to side)
  5. Was the car different from cars you usually see people drive on the highway? (it seemed smaller and lighter, it could go faster)
  6. Was the track different from the highway on which cars usually drive?  (it seemed narrower and smoother).

Explain:

Place students into groups of 4 students per group. Distribute materials for each group (meter stick, 3 textbooks, Zoom Zoom Data Sheet, rulers, and 1 toy car - make sure the cars are slightly differently; bigger wheels, truck versus car, small versus large, heavy versus light, etc.). Students will explore how making a ramp affects the distance a car travels using their textbooks.  They will start by building a ramp 1 book high and record the distance the car travels. Then students will build a ramp 2 and 3 books high, and measure and record the distance the car travels on their data sheet. This data will later be combined with the other groups' into a class line graph using the website: Kids' Zone Create a Graph. Set the classroom timer for 35 minutes to allow groups enough time to complete this activity, then bring the class back together. Collect the data sheets and together create a graph using the website:  Kids' Zone Create a Graph using each group's data.  Look at the data together and ask the students the following questions:

  1. What caused the cars to travel the greatest distance? (the height of the ramp increased the speed and distance the car traveled)
  2. Do you think the type of car your team used affected your results? (yes, the speed and distance varied depending on the weight or design of the car)
  3. Does it matter that each team had a different sized and shaped car? (yes, all cars need to be the same to get the same results)
  4. Did changing the height of the ramp affect your results?  (yes, changing the height of the ramp also changed the speed and distance)
  5. If you had more time, is there anything you would change about your ramp?  (responses will vary)

 After

Elaborate:  

Ask the students, "What can you change in the design of your ramp to 'change the energy' your car has and change the distance the car will travel?" 

Allow the groups a few minutes to brainstorm ideas and make a list on the board:

  • change the texture of the ramp
  • extend the ramp and add loops
  • try a different sized car
  • make the car heavier by taping erasers, washers, paper clips, or pennies to the car
  • apply a harder force (push the car harder from the start) at the top of the ramp

Tell students they may choose only one of these new variables to redesign their ramp. After designing and testing their ramp, each group will create a presentation on Educreations: https://www.educreations.com/ to share their findings with the class. They will need to include: how they changed their design from their original ramp, a visual aid (picture or drawing), the results of their change in design (were they successful in increasing the distance their car traveled), and whether they changed the car's potential or kinetic energy. The teacher should provide each student with a copy of the Zoom Zoom Redesign Worksheet and the Zoom Zoom Educreations Presentation Directions & Rubric. These handouts will give students additional information about redesigning their group's ramp and using the Educreations program.


Before

Engage:  Place a toy car on the edge of a desk or table and ask the students to imagine that it is a real car at the top of a hill. The car is motionless at this moment, but could easily roll down the hill. As it sits on the table, the car has potential, or stored, energy (due to its position), but has the ability to change into other forms of energy. 

Push the car across the table gently with your hand and explain to the students when the car is in motion (rolling) the stored energy is being changed to kinetic energy (energy in motion). 

Explain to students today they will construct ramps to explore ways to increase potential and kinetic energy in their own toy cars.

During

Explore: Show the video:  Team Hot Wheels - The Yellow Driver's World Record Jump (Tanner Foust) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SjX7A_FR6g

After the video, ask the following questions:

  1. What kind of energy did the car have when it was at the top of the ramp?  (potential)
  2. What kind of energy did the car have as it traveled down the ramp? (kinetic)
  3. What did you notice about the ramp's design?  (the ramp started up high then dropped down then went high again just before the jump)
  4. What did you notice about the track and the car? (the car fit tightly onto the track with no room to move around from side to side)
  5. Was the car different from cars you usually see people drive on the highway? (it seemed smaller and lighter, it could go faster)
  6. Was the track different from the highway on which cars usually drive?  (it seemed narrower and smoother).

Explain:

Place students into groups of 4 students per group. Distribute materials for each group (meter stick, 3 textbooks, Zoom Zoom Data Sheet, rulers, and 1 toy car - make sure the cars are slightly differently; bigger wheels, truck versus car, small versus large, heavy versus light, etc.). Students will explore how making a ramp affects the distance a car travels using their textbooks.  They will start by building a ramp 1 book high and record the distance the car travels. Then students will build a ramp 2 and 3 books high, and measure and record the distance the car travels on their data sheet. This data will later be combined with the other groups' into a class line graph using the website: Kids' Zone Create a Graph. Set the classroom timer for 35 minutes to allow groups enough time to complete this activity, then bring the class back together. Collect the data sheets and together create a graph using the website:  Kids' Zone Create a Graph using each group's data.  Look at the data together and ask the students the following questions:

  1. What caused the cars to travel the greatest distance? (the height of the ramp increased the speed and distance the car traveled)
  2. Do you think the type of car your team used affected your results? (yes, the speed and distance varied depending on the weight or design of the car)
  3. Does it matter that each team had a different sized and shaped car? (yes, all cars need to be the same to get the same results)
  4. Did changing the height of the ramp affect your results?  (yes, changing the height of the ramp also changed the speed and distance)
  5. If you had more time, is there anything you would change about your ramp?  (responses will vary)

 After

Elaborate:  

Ask the students, "What can you change in the design of your ramp to 'change the energy' your car has and change the distance the car will travel?" 

Allow the groups a few minutes to brainstorm ideas and make a list on the board:

  • change the texture of the ramp
  • extend the ramp and add loops
  • try a different sized car
  • make the car heavier by taping erasers, washers, paper clips, or pennies to the car
  • apply a harder force (push the car harder from the start) at the top of the ramp

Tell students they may choose only one of these new variables to redesign their ramp. After designing and testing their ramp, each group will create a presentation on Educreations: https://www.educreations.com/ to share their findings with the class. They will need to include: how they changed their design from their original ramp, a visual aid (picture or drawing), the results of their change in design (were they successful in increasing the distance their car traveled), and whether they changed the car's potential or kinetic energy. The teacher should provide each student with a copy of the Zoom Zoom Redesign Worksheet and the Zoom Zoom Educreations Presentation Directions & Rubric. These handouts will give students additional information about redesigning their group's ramp and using the Educreations program.

Assessment Strategies

Summative assessment for this lesson will be based on the Zoom Zoom Presentation Rubric (under attachments).

Formative assessment for this lesson will be based on teacher observation and Zoom Zoom Data Worksheet (under attachments).

Acceleration

Using what they've learned about increasing potential and kinetic energy, students will imagine they are a ramp engineer working on the design of a new ramp for Tanner Foust's next great jump! They will send an email to his stunt crew informing them of some "tips" which may help to increase the speed of Tanner's jump. The email should include at least 3 energy vocabulary words (potential, kinetic, speed, distance, or height). The Zoom Zoom Email Directions & Rubric, available for download in the attachments section, will provide more information about this acceleration activity.

Intervention

Students who need extra support should be placed in groups with teammates sensitive to the needs of that student. The teacher may need to more closely supervise teams that contain students who are struggling with the concepts of this lesson. Students may also be given additional time to complete the activities of this lesson.

Approximate Duration

Total Duration

61 to 90 Minutes

Background and Preparation

Background/Preparation

For Students:

Students should have some prior knowledge regarding potential and kinetic energy.

For Teachers:

Teachers should be knowledgeable about potential and kinetic energy, speed, distance, and the transference of energy from one object to another object. Teachers may want to create a vocabulary chart to help students develop a foundational understanding of potential and kinetic energy. Also, the teacher should keep in mind that performing the ramp tests on a hardwood floor or tile will yield better results than flooring such as carpet. Some safety issues to consider: gutters may have sharp edges and should be inspected carefully before introducing into the classroom. Also, the students should wear gloves and goggles for safety if sharp edges are suspected.

Materials and Resources

Materials and Resources

Materials for Explore: 

Materials for Explain:

  • textbooks (3 per group)
  • meter sticks (1 per group)
  • toy cars (1 per group)
  • rulers (several per group)
  • iPads, Chromebooks, or some other device connected to the internet (1 per group)
  • Zoom Zoom Data Worksheet (under attachments, 1 per group)

 Materials for Elaborate:  

  • toy cars (1 per group)
  • rulers (several per group)
  • textbooks (3 per group)
  • iPads, Chromebooks, or some other device connected to the internet (1 per group)
  • ramp materials (examples: cardboard, meter sticks, pool noodles cut in half, pipe insulation cut in half, plastic gutters, pieces of wood, etc.)
  • Zoom Zoom Educreations Presentation Directions & Rubric (1 per group)
  • Zoom Zoom Redesign Worksheet (1 per group)

Materials for Acceleration:

  • Zoom Zoom Email Directions & Rubric (1 per student)

Technology Resources Needed

Video:

Team Hot Wheels - The Yellow Driver's World Record Jump (Tanner Foust): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SjX7A_FR6g

Websites:

Kids' Zone Create a Graph https://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createAgraph/

Educreations  https://www.educreations.com/

Approved Date

2017-05-30
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