Mathematics (2019) Grade(s): 09-12 - Algebra II with Statistics

MA19.A2.38

Derive and apply the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines to find unknown measurements in right and non-right triangles. Extend the domain of sine and cosine to include right and obtuse angles.

COS Examples

Examples: surveying problems, resultant forces

Unpacked Content

Knowledge

Students know:

  • The auxiliary line drawn from the vertex perpendicular to the opposite side forms an altitude of the triangle.
  • Properties of the Sine and Cosine ratios.
  • Pythagorean Theorem.
  • Pythagorean Identity.
  • The Laws of Sines and Cosines can apply to any triangle, right or non-right.
  • Laws of Sines and Cosines.
  • Vector quantities can represent lengths of sides and angles in a triangle.
  • Values of the sin(90 degrees) and cos(90 degrees).

Skills

Students are able to:

  • Label triangles in context and by convention.
  • Perform algebraic manipulations.
  • Find inverse sine and cosine values.

Understanding

Students understand that:

  • The given information will determine whether it is appropriate to use the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines.
  • Proof is necessary to establish that a conjecture about a relationship in mathematics is always true and may provide insight into the mathematics being addressed.
  • Proven laws allow us to solve problems in contextual situations.

Vocabulary

  • Law of Sines
  • Law of Cosines
  • Resultant Force
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