Unpacked Content
Scientific and Engineering Practices
Developing and Using Models; Planning and Carrying out Investigations; Engaging in Argument from Evidence
Crosscutting Concepts
Cause and Effect; Structure and Function
Knowledge
Students know:
- Arteries and arterioles carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
- Veins and venules carry blood from the body to the heart.
- Capillaries are small blood vessels that exchange materials with tissues.
- Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of a vessel while vasodialation is the widening of a vessel.
- The heart is made of mycardium covered by pericardium and is composed of four chambers.
- The left half of the heart controls systemic circulation while the right half controls pulmonary circulation.
- One pumping action of the heart is called the cardiac cycle—diastole is the filling of the atria and ventricles and systole is the emptying of the ventricles.
- Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements and transports materials needed to maintain body homeostasis.
- Blood cell types: 1) RBC's—contain the protein hemaglobin which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide 2) WBC's—granulocytic (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) produce secretions that kill micoorganisms and agrnulocytic (lymphocytes and monocytes)—lymphocytes produce an immune respons and monocytes are phagocytic. 3) Platelets—assist with blood clotting.
- Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by hematopoiesis and are derived from a multipotent stem cell.
- Blood type is a way of categorizing RBCs according to variations in proteins on the cell membrane surface—these proteins can be classified as types A, B or D.
- Diseases of the cardiovascular system affect either blood vessels or the heart and are either congenital, produced by lifestyle factors, or produced by microorganisms.
- Common vascular diseases interrupt blood flow while common heart diseases prevent the chambers and/or valves from working properly.
- Electrocardiography measures the electrical activity of the heart.
- Pulse is an indicator of heartbeat and heartbeat is produced by blood pressure.
- Heart rate is the number of cardiac cycles per minute.
Skills
Students are able to:
- Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the cardiovascular system, including its structures and their function.
- Use a model to predict and show relationships among variables between the cardiovascular system and its components.
- Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the ABO blood groups.
- Use models to relate structure to function for the components of blood.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about pathological conditions that may affect the cardiovascular system.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about possible prevention options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about possible treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
- Use evidence to form an argument about possible prevention or treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
- Use evidence to defend an argument about possible prevention or treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
- Evaluate counter-claims and revise argument based on evidence.
- Gather, read and interpret scientific information about common tests that can be used to monitor cardiovascular function.
- Design a experiment to collect data in relation to cardiovascular function.
- Determine how the change in the variables will be measured or identified.
- Determine how the response within the cardiovascular system will be measured or identified.
- Use a tool to collect and record changes in the external environment (variables) and the organism responses.
- Evaluate experiment for accuracy and precision of data collection, as well as limitations.
- Make revisions to experiment if needed to produce more accurate and precise results.
- Manipulate variables that will cause changes in cardiovascular test investigation results.
Understanding
Students understand that:
- The cardiovascular system's main function is to transport various items throughout the body (oxygen, digested nutrients, systemic waste, etc.).
- Various cardiovascular organs serve in different capacities to move blood (its transport agent) around the body.
- Cardiovascular organs are made up of various tissues that work together to carry out the organs' functions.
- Several variables such as exercise, diet, disease, caffeine, etc. affect cardiovascular health.
- Lifestyle changes can be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease.
- Several variables such as exercise, diet, disease, caffeine, etc. change cardiovascular output.
Vocabulary
- blood pressure
- blood vessels
- circulatory system
- heart
- pulse
- vascularization
- arteries
- veins
- lymphatic vessels
- hydrostatic pressure
- microcirculation
- tunica adventitia
- tunica media
- tunica intima
- lumen
- constriction/ vasoconstriction
- dilation/ vasodilation
- arterioles
- venules
- capillaries
- circulation (systemic, pulmonary)
- pericardium (fibrous, serous, epicardium)
- myocardium
- endocardium
- coronary arteries, veins
- cardiac infarction
- vasculature
- septum
- chambers
- atrium
- ventricle
- valves (atrioventricular, semilunar, mitral, bicuspid, tricuspid)
- Papillary muscles
- venae cavae
- superior/ inferior vena cava
- aorta
- pulmonary artery, valve, veins
- SA node, AV node
- bundle of His
- Purkinje system
- diastole
- systole
- heart rate
- stroke volume
- cardiac output
- electrocardiogram
- plasma
- RBC's/ erythrocytes
- hemoglobin
- reticulocytes/ erythroblasts
- complete blood count (CBC)
- blood type
- ABO blood group system
- Rh factor
- erythroblastosis fetalis
- WBC's/ leukocytes
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- eosinophils
- monocytes
- basophils
- differential white blood cell count
- granulocytes/ polymorphonuclear WBC
- agranulocytes/ mononuclear WBC
- B or T lymphocytes
- platelet/ thrombocyte
- megakaryocyte
- percent saturation
- carbon dioxide intoxication
- phagocytosis
- macrophages
- kupffer cell
- prostacyclin
- clotting factors
- prothrombin
- thrombin
- Fibrinogen/ fibrin
- plasminogen
- erythropoiesis
- hematopoietic stem cell
- Myeloid stem cell
- lymphoid stem cell
- myocardial infarction
- mitral valve prolapse
- varicose veins
- arteriosclerosis,
- anemia
- hypertension
- angina
- systolic
- diastolic
- electrocardiogram
