Describe the methods of moving and handling concrete and the proper methods for placing and consolidating concrete into forms.
Describe methods for screeding, leveling, finishing, and curing concrete and creating various joints.
Explain how various cement types (ASTM C 150 Type I - V) used in the concrete mix affect the minimum curing period corresponding to concrete attaining 70 percent of the specified compressive strength.
Concrete Stair Layout
Describe types of concrete stairways and their components.
Compare and contrast residential and commercial concrete stairways.
Calculate the total rise, number and size of risers, and number and size of treads required for a concrete stairway and explain the procedures used.
Lay out and cut formwork for concrete stringers, treads, and risers and explain the procedures used.
Masonry Laying Techniques
Foundational Standards
Incorporate safety procedures in handling, operating, and maintaining tools and machinery; handling materials; utilizing personal protective equipment; maintaining a safe work area; and handling hazardous materials and forces.
Demonstrate effective workplace and employability skills, including communication, awareness of diversity, positive work ethic, problem-solving, time management, and teamwork.
Explore the range of careers available in the field and investigate their educational requirements, and demonstrate job-seeking skills including resume-writing and interviewing.
Advocate and practice safe, legal, responsible, and ethical use of information and technology tools specific to the industry pathway.
Participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) to increase knowledge and skills and to enhance leadership and teamwork.
Laying Techniques
Identify the structural principles and fundamental uses of solid masonry walls, hollow masonry walls, cavity walls, composite walls, anchored veneer walls, retaining walls, and freestanding walls.
Describe the functions of control joints and expansion joints, explaining where they are required and the proper placement and use of each type.
Lay out and construct corners and intersections.
Examples: toothing, corbeling, intersecting walls, angled corners
Lay out and construct a cavity wall.
Lay out and construct a composite wall with control joints and expansion joints.
Lay out and construct a veneer wall.
Lay out and construct a retaining wall.
Lay out and construct a freestanding wall.
Temperature and Moisture
Identify types of insulation used in conjunction with masonry construction, and explain the functions of each type and the techniques for installing them.
Outline scenarios in which moisture control is needed in masonry construction.
Describe the techniques used to eliminate moisture problems in masonry construction.
Describe the techniques used to protect masonry being constructed during hot and cold weather.
Quality Control
Research industry standards and specifications used to control quality and explain how they are implemented throughout the masonry industry.
Build masonry sample panels and prisms to industry standards.
Conduct and document field inspections and observations used to ensure quality control.
Masonry: Mortar, Materials, and Installation
Foundational Standards
