The Art of Forces and Motion

Science (2015) Grade(s): 8

SC15.8.8
Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force (e.g., model car on a table remaining at rest until pushed).

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Sir Isaac Newton
Newton's First Law of Motion
Constant velocity
Balanced force
Unbalanced force
External force
Rest
Motion
Inertia

Knowledge

Students know:

An object at rest remains at rest unless acted on by an external force.
An object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
An object subjected to balanced forces does not change its motion.
An object subjected to unbalanced forces changes its motion over time.
Constant velocity indicates that an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed.

Skills

Students are able to:

Demonstrate Newton's first law.
Articulate a statement that relates a given phenomenon to a scientific idea, including Newton's first law and the motion of an object.

Understanding

Students understand that:

Newton's First Law states that an object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's First Law states that an object at in motion remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

Crosscutting Concepts

Cause and Effect

Science (2015) Grade(s): 8

SC15.8.9
Use Newton’s second law to demonstrate and explain how changes in an object’s motion depend on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object (e.g., billiard balls moving when hit with a cue stick).

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Sir Isaac Newton
Newton's Second Law of Motion
Mass
Acceleration
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Force
External force
Sum
Motion

Knowledge

Students know:

The acceleration of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero, its motion will change.
The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion.
For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion. Force = mass x acceleration; F=ma.

Skills

Students are able to:

Demonstrate Newton's second law.
Articulate a statement that relates a given phenomenon to a scientific idea, including Newton's second law and the motion of an object.

Understanding

Students understand that:

Newton's Second Law states that changes in an object's motion depends on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object.

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

Crosscutting Concepts

Stability and Change

Science (2015) Grade(s): 8

SC15.8.10
Use Newton’s third law to design a model to demonstrate and explain the resulting motion of two colliding objects (e.g., two cars bumping into each other, a hammer hitting a nail).*

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Sir Isaac Newton
Newton's Third Law of
Motion
Force
Model
Mass
Speed
Velocity
Action
Reaction

Knowledge

Students know:

Whenever two objects interact with each other, they exert forces upon each other.
These forces are called action and reaction forces; forces always come in pairs.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The size of the force on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object.
The direction of the force on the first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object.
The momentum of an object increases if either the mass or the speed of the object increases or if both increases.
The momentum of an object decreases if either the mass or the speed of the object decreases or if both decrease.

Skills

Students are able to:

Develop a model that demonstrates Newton's third law and identify the relevant components.
Describe the relationships between components of the model.
Use observations from the model to provide causal accounts for events and make predictions for events by constructing explanations.

Understanding

Students understand that:

Newton's Third Law states that for any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction.

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Developing and Using Models

Crosscutting Concepts

Systems and System Models

The Art of Forces and Motion

Subject Area

Grade(s)

Overview

SC15.8.8
Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force (e.g., model car on a table remaining at rest until pushed).

Unpacked Content

UP:SC15.8.8

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

SC15.8.9
Use Newton’s second law to demonstrate and explain how changes in an object’s motion depend on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object (e.g., billiard balls moving when hit with a cue stick).

Unpacked Content

UP:SC15.8.9

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

SC15.8.10
Use Newton’s third law to design a model to demonstrate and explain the resulting motion of two colliding objects (e.g., two cars bumping into each other, a hammer hitting a nail).*

Unpacked Content

UP:SC15.8.10

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

CR Resource Type

Resource Provider

License Type

Custom License Type (URL)

Comments or Notes

Approved Date

Learning Resource Type

The Art of Forces and Motion

Subject Area

Grade(s)

Overview

SC15.8.8 Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force (e.g., model car on a table remaining at rest until pushed).

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

SC15.8.9 Use Newton’s second law to demonstrate and explain how changes in an object’s motion depend on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object (e.g., billiard balls moving when hit with a cue stick).

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

SC15.8.10 Use Newton’s third law to design a model to demonstrate and explain the resulting motion of two colliding objects (e.g., two cars bumping into each other, a hammer hitting a nail).*

Unpacked Content

Vocabulary

Knowledge

Skills

Understanding

Scientific and Engineering Practices

Crosscutting Concepts

URL (web address)

CR Resource Type

Resource Provider

License Type

Custom License Type (URL)

Comments or Notes

Approved Date

SC15.8.8
Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force (e.g., model car on a table remaining at rest until pushed).

SC15.8.9
Use Newton’s second law to demonstrate and explain how changes in an object’s motion depend on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object (e.g., billiard balls moving when hit with a cue stick).

SC15.8.10
Use Newton’s third law to design a model to demonstrate and explain the resulting motion of two colliding objects (e.g., two cars bumping into each other, a hammer hitting a nail).*